Kuzamuka kwa Bateri za Leta zikomeye: Gufungura ibihe bishya byo kubika ingufu

Iterambere rikomeye rya tekinoroji ya tekinoroji
Inganda zikomeye za batiri ziri hafi guhinduka cyane, hamwe n’ibigo byinshi bitera intambwe igaragara ku ikoranabuhanga, bikurura abashoramari n’abaguzi. Ubu buryo bushya bwa tekinoroji ya bateri ikoresha electrolytite ikomeye aho gukoresha electrolytite isanzwe muri bateri ya lithium-ion kandi biteganijwe ko izahindura ibisubizo bibika ingufu mubice bitandukanye, cyane cyane ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi (EV).

Mu nama ya kabiri y’Ubushinwa Ihuriro ry’ibihugu bishya byo guhanga udushya no guteza imbere iterambere ryabaye ku ya 15 Gashyantare, ShenzhenBYDLithium Battery Co., Ltd yatangaje ejo hazaza hateganijwe ingamba zikomeye za batiri. BYD CTO Sun Huajun yavuze ko iyi sosiyete iteganya gutangiza ibikorwa byo kwerekana imyigaragambyo ya bateri zose zikomeye mu mwaka wa 2027 kandi ikagera ku bikorwa binini by’ubucuruzi nyuma ya 2030. Iyi ngengabihe ishimishije yerekana ko abantu bagenda barushaho kwigirira ikizere mu ikoranabuhanga rikomeye ndetse n’ubushobozi bwo guhindura imiterere y’ingufu.

Usibye BYD, ibigo bishya nka Qingtao Energy na NIO New Energy nabyo byatangaje gahunda yo kubyaza umusaruro ingufu za batiri zikomeye. Aya makuru yerekana ko ibigo byinganda bihatanira guteza imbere no gukoresha ubu buhanga bugezweho, bugakora imbaraga zihuriweho. Kwishyira hamwe kwa R&D no gutegura isoko byerekana ko bateri zikomeye ziteganijwe kuba igisubizo nyamukuru mugihe cya vuba.

Ibyiza bya bateri zikomeye
Ibyiza bya bateri-ikomeye-ni byinshi kandi birakomeye, bituma iba iyindi nzira ishimishije kuri bateri gakondo ya lithium-ion. Kimwe mu byiza bigaragara ni umutekano wabo wo hejuru. Bitandukanye na bateri gakondo zikoresha electrolytite yaka umuriro, bateri zikomeye zikoresha electrolytite zikomeye, bigabanya cyane ibyago byo kumeneka numuriro. Ibi biranga umutekano wongerewe imbaraga ningirakamaro kubikoresho byamashanyarazi, aho umutekano wa batiri aricyo kintu cyambere.

Iyindi nyungu nyamukuru nubucucike bukabije ingufu za bateri zikomeye zishobora kugeraho. Ibi bivuze ko bashobora kubika ingufu nyinshi kuruta bateri gakondo mubunini cyangwa uburemere bumwe. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi bifite bateri zikomeye birashobora gutanga intera ndende, bikemura kimwe mubibazo nyamukuru abakoresha bafite kubijyanye no gufata ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi. Kwagura ubuzima bwa bateri ntabwo byongera uburambe bwabakoresha gusa, ahubwo binatezimbere ingufu muri rusange.

Byongeye kandi, ibintu bifatika bya bateri zikomeye zibaha ubuzima burebure, bikagabanya iyangirika rya electrolyte mugihe cyo kwishyuza no gusohora. Ubu buzima burebure busobanura ikiguzi gito mugihe kuko abaguzi badakenera gusimbuza bateri kenshi. Byongeye kandi, bateri zikomeye zikora neza cyane kurwego rwubushyuhe bwinshi, bigatuma zikoreshwa muburyo butandukanye kuva ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki byabaguzi kugeza kubinyabiziga byamashanyarazi bikorera mubihe bikabije.

Kwishyuza byihuse nibyiza kubidukikije
Ubushobozi bwokwishyurwa bwihuse bwa bateri zikomeye-nizindi nyungu zingenzi zibatandukanya nubuhanga gakondo bwa batiri. Bitewe nubushobozi buke bwa ionic, bateri zirashobora kwishyurwa byihuse, bigatuma abakoresha bamara igihe gito bategereje ibikoresho byabo cyangwa ibinyabiziga byishyuza. Iyi mikorere irashimishije cyane cyane mumashanyarazi, kuko kugabanya igihe cyo kwishyuza bishobora guteza imbere ubworoherane nibikorwa bya banyiri ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi.

Mubyongeyeho, bateri zikomeye-zangiza ibidukikije kurusha bateri ya lithium-ion. Batteri ikomeye-ikoresha ibikoresho biva ahantu harambye, bikagabanya gushingira kumyuma idasanzwe, akenshi iba ifitanye isano no kwangiza ibidukikije nibibazo byimyitwarire. Nkuko isi ishimangira cyane kuramba, ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji ya batiri ya leta ihamye hamwe nimbaraga zisi zose zo gushakira igisubizo kibisi ingufu.

Muri make, inganda zikomeye za batiri ziri mugihe gikomeye, hamwe niterambere rikomeye ryikoranabuhanga ritanga inzira mugihe gishya cyo kubika ingufu. Ibigo nka BYD, Ingufu za Qingtao, na Weilan New Energy birayobora inzira, byerekana ubushobozi bwa bateri zikomeye zihindura isoko ry’imodoka n’amashanyarazi ndetse no hanze yacyo. Hamwe nibyiza byinshi nkumutekano wongerewe imbaraga, ubwinshi bwingufu, ubuzima bwigihe kirekire, ubushobozi bwo kwishyuza byihuse, hamwe nibidukikije, bateri zikomeye za leta zizagira uruhare runini mugihe kizaza cyo kubika no gukoresha ingufu. Mugihe inganda zikomeje gutera imbere, abaguzi barashobora kwitegereza imiterere irambye kandi ikora neza iterwa nubu buhanga bushya.