Kuzamuka kwimodoka nshya zingufu: icyerekezo cyisi yose Noruveje iyoboye ibinyabiziga bishya byingufu

Mugihe inzibacyuho yingufu kwisi ikomeje gutera imbere, gukundwa kwaibinyabiziga bishya byingufuyahindutse ikimenyetso cyingenzi cyiterambereurwego rwo gutwara abantu n'ibihugu bitandukanye. Muri bo, Noruveje igaragara nk'umupayiniya kandi imaze kugera ku bikorwa bitangaje mu kumenyekanisha ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi. Imibare rusange yerekana ko mu 2024, ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi byera bingana na 88.9% by’imodoka nshya zagurishijwe muri Noruveje, naho igipimo cy’imodoka z’amashanyarazi zitanduye mu Gushyingo cyonyine cyageze kuri 93,6%.

Ibi byagezweho ahanini biterwa na politiki ikomeye ya guverinoma ya Noruveje. Guverinoma ya Noruveje ishyiraho imisoro myinshi ku binyabiziga bya lisansi na mazutu, kandi isonera imodoka z’amashanyarazi imisoro yatumijwe mu mahanga n’imisoro ku nyongeragaciro, ibyo bikaba bigabanya cyane igiciro cyo kugura imodoka ku baguzi. Byongeye kandi, guverinoma yashyizeho kandi politiki y’inyungu zirimo gusonerwa imisoro n’amafaranga yo guhagarara, no kwemerera ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi gukoresha inzira za bisi. Izi ngamba ntabwo zishishikariza abakiriya guhitamo ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi gusa, ahubwo binashiraho ibidukikije byiza byiterambere ryisoko ryimodoka nshya.

Byongeye kandi, iterambere ry’ibikorwa remezo byo kwishyuza ryagize uruhare runini mu gutsinda kwa Noruveje. Hamwe na sitasiyo zirenga 27.000 zishyuza rusange, zihwanye na sitasiyo zigera kuri 500 ku baturage 100.000, Noruveje yateye intambwe igaragara mu gutuma abakoresha ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi babona uburyo bworoshye bwo kwishyuza. Sitasiyo nyinshi za lisansi zasimbuwe na sitasiyo yihuta cyane, bikarushaho kunoza uburyo bwo gutwara ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi. Hamwe na gride y'amashanyarazi irenga 90% biterwa na hydro, Noruveje yashyizeho urufatiro rukomeye rwo kwinjiza ibinyabiziga bikoresha amashanyarazi, hamwe na 82% byimodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi murugo.

Ibyiza byimodoka nshya zubushinwa

Mu gihe isoko ry’ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu bikomeje kwaguka, kwinjiza imodoka nshya z’ingufu z’Ubushinwa byazanye inyungu nyinshi mu bihugu by’Uburayi. Imwe mu nyungu zikomeye ni ukugabanuka kwuka kwangiza. Imodoka nshya z’ingufu z’Ubushinwa zikoresha cyane cyane uburyo bwo gutwara amashanyarazi, zishobora kugabanya neza ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, bityo bigafasha ibihugu by’Uburayi kugera ku ntego z’ikirere no guteza imbere iterambere rirambye.

Byongeye kandi, Ubushinwa bukomeye bwa R&D mu ikoranabuhanga rya batiri, gutwara ubwenge no guhuza imodoka bishobora guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga n’ubufatanye mu Burayi. Kwinjiza ibinyabiziga bishya byingufu mubushinwa birashobora kuba umusemburo witerambere muri utwo turere, amaherezo bikagirira akamaro inganda zose. Mugukoresha udushya, abakora amamodoka yuburayi barashobora kongera ubushobozi bwabo bwo guhangana no guteza imbere iterambere muriki gice.

Kwinjiza ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu mu Bushinwa ku isoko ry’iburayi byanongereye guhitamo abaguzi no guhatanira isoko. Kugeza ubu, hari amashanyarazi arenga 160 ku isoko ry’iburayi, aha abaguzi amahitamo menshi. Kongera amarushanwa ntibizafasha gusa kugabanya ibiciro, ahubwo bizashishikariza abakora amamodoka yo mu karere kuzamura ireme ryibicuruzwa no kurushaho guhanga udushya. Nkigisubizo, abaguzi bazungukirwa nisoko ryimodoka rifite imbaraga kandi zirushanwe.

Hamagara kubikorwa byo gutwara abantu birambye

Kuba imodoka nshya zifite ingufu zigenda ziyongera, cyane cyane mu bihugu nka Noruveje, byerekana ko byihutirwa guhuriza hamwe ibisubizo birambye byo gutwara abantu. Kwinjira kw'ibinyabiziga bishya by'ingufu mu Bushinwa ku isoko ry’iburayi birashobora koroshya cyane iyi nzibacyuho, bikungahaza urwego rutanga amamodoka kandi bikagabanya kwishingikiriza ku isoko rimwe. Mugutandukanya urwego rutanga, Uburayi bushobora kongera imbaraga no guhinduka no kwemeza inganda zikomeye.

Byongeye kandi, ikoreshwa ry’imodoka nshya z’ingufu rishobora kuzamura ishoramari mu kwishyuza ibikorwa remezo mu Burayi. Iri shoramari ntirizateza imbere gusa isoko ry’imodoka nshya y’ingufu, ahubwo rizateza imbere iterambere ry’inganda zijyanye, guhanga imirimo mishya mu nganda, serivisi no kubaka ibikorwa remezo. Mugihe ibinyabiziga bikoresha amashanyarazi byiyongera, icyifuzo cyabakozi bafite ubumenyi nibisubizo bishya nabyo biziyongera kugirango bashyigikire inganda zigenda ziyongera.

Muri make, Norvege inararibonye mu guteza imbere ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu, hamwe n’Ubushinwa mu modoka nshya z’ingufu, biha ibihugu by’Uburayi amahirwe adasanzwe yo kugera ku bwikorezi burambye. Mu gushora imari mu mashanyarazi no gushyigikira iterambere ry’ibikorwa remezo byishyurwa, Uburayi bushobora gutera intambwe igaragara mu kugera ku ntego z’ikirere mu gihe iterambere ry’ubukungu no kwihangira imirimo. Abaguzi, abafata ibyemezo n’abafatanyabikorwa mu nganda bagomba kumenya ibyiza by’imodoka nshya kandi bakagira uruhare rugaragara muri uru rugendo rwo guhindura ibintu bigana ahazaza heza. Ubu ni igihe cyo gufata ingamba - kwakira impinduka, gushora imari mumodoka nshya, no kubaka ejo hazaza.

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