Aziya yo hagati iri hafi guhinduka cyane mu bijyanye n’ingufu zayo, aho Qazaqistan, Azerubayijani na Uzubekisitani biza ku isonga mu iterambere ry’ingufu. Ibihugu biherutse gutangaza ingamba zifatanije mu kubaka ibikorwa remezo byoherezwa mu mahanga ingufu z’ibidukikije, hibandwa ku mbaraga z’umuyaga. Ubu bufatanye bugamije kongera umusaruro w’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu mu karere, zikaba ari ingenzi mu gukemura ibibazo by’ibidukikije no gutandukanya amasoko y’ingufu. Kwiyemeza ingufu z’amashanyarazi ntibigaragaza gusa igisubizo cy’imihindagurikire y’ikirere ku isi, ahubwo binagaragaza ubushobozi bw’akarere bwo kuba umuyobozi mu gukemura ibibazo birambye by’ingufu.
Qazaqistan, hamwe n’ibibaya binini byumucanga, byahawe imigisha idasanzwe yo kubyara ingufu z'umuyaga. Minisiteri y’ingufu muri iki gihugu ivuga ko ingufu z’umuyaga mu gihugu zingana na miliyari 920 kWh ku mwaka. Urebye ubwo bushobozi, guverinoma ya Qazaqistan yihaye intego ikomeye yo kongera umugabane w’ingufu z’icyatsi mu musaruro w’amashanyarazi kugera kuri 15% muri 2030 na 50% muri 2050. Iyi mihigo iragaragaza amahirwe menshi ku isoko ry’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu za Qazaqistan ndetse n’icyemezo cyo kwerekeza mu gihe kizaza cy’ingufu zirambye. Muri ubwo buryo, Uzubekisitani, igihugu kinini cya peteroli na gaze, nacyo gikomeje guhindura ingufu. Igihugu kirateganya kongera uruhare rw’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu mu gutanga amashanyarazi kugera kuri 40% muri 2030 no kugera ku kutabogama kwa karubone mu 2050, bikerekana ko byiyemeje gufata ingamba z’ingufu z’icyatsi.
Guhindura imiterere yingufu no kuzamura ubushobozi bwubukungu
Intangiriro yaibinyabiziga bishya byingufu (NEVs)muri Aziya yo hagati biteganijwe ko izagira uruhare runini mu guteza imbere iterambere rirambye n’inzibacyuho. Mu gihe aka karere gahanganye n’umwanda w’ibidukikije no gushingira ku binyabiziga gakondo bya peteroli, iyemezwa rya NEV rizagabanya cyane ibyuka bihumanya ikirere kandi biteze imbere ibidukikije bisukuye. Ihinduka rijyanye n'intego zo kutabogama kwa karubone zashyizweho n'ibihugu byo mu karere, bigatanga inzira y'ejo hazaza heza.
Byongeye kandi, kumenyekanisha ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu bizamura ingufu z’amashanyarazi, bityo bitume iterambere n’ikoreshwa ry’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu nk’umuyaga n’izuba, bitazatandukanya imiterere y’ingufu gusa ahubwo binazamura umutekano w’ingufu mu karere ka Aziya yo hagati. Inganda nshya z’imodoka zitera imbere nazo zizagira uruhare mu iterambere ry’urunigi rujyanye n’inganda, harimo gukora bateri ndetse no kubaka ibikorwa remezo. Iterambere rizatanga imirimo, rizamure ubukungu bw’ibanze mu bukungu, rikurura ishoramari n’ikoranabuhanga ryoherezwa mu mahanga, kandi amaherezo bizamura iterambere ry’ubukungu mu karere.
Kunoza gahunda yo gutwara abantu no gushimangira ubufatanye mpuzamahanga
Gutezimbere ibinyabiziga bishya byingufu bizamura cyane uburyo bwo gutwara abantu mubihugu byo muri Aziya yo hagati. Mugutezimbere imikorere yumuhanda, kugabanya umuvuduko no kugabanya impanuka, ibinyabiziga bishya byingufu bizafasha kuzamura ikirere cyumujyi no kuzamura imibereho yabaturage. Mu gihe imijyi yo muri Aziya yo hagati ikomeje gutera imbere, kwinjiza ibinyabiziga bishya muri sisitemu yo gutwara abantu ni ngombwa mu iterambere rirambye ry’imijyi.
Byongeye kandi, kohereza mu mahanga ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu bizateza imbere ubufatanye mpuzamahanga hagati y’Ubushinwa n’ibihugu byo muri Aziya yo hagati mu bijyanye n’ikoranabuhanga ry’ibidukikije na politiki yo kurengera ibidukikije. Ubwo bufatanye buzashimangira umubano w’ibihugu byombi, biteze imbere ubufatanye bw’ubukungu bw’akarere, kandi bitange ibidukikije byunguka impande zose. Mu gihe akarere ka Aziya yo hagati gafata ingamba z’ingufu z’icyatsi kibisi, ntikizakemura gusa ibibazo byihutirwa by’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, ahubwo bizanashimangira imyumvire y’abaturage mu kurengera ibidukikije n’iterambere rirambye. Kumenyekanisha ibinyabiziga bishya byingufu bizateza imbere umuco wurugendo rwicyatsi, ushishikarize societe kwakira ibikorwa byangiza ibidukikije, kandi biteze imbere ubuzima bwatsi.
Mu gusoza, Aziya yo hagati kwerekeza mu isi nshya y’ingufu ntabwo ari ngombwa gusa, ahubwo ni amahirwe yo kwiteza imbere. Imbaraga zifatanije na Qazaqistan, Azerubayijani, na Uzubekisitani mu kubaka ibikorwa remezo by’ingufu z’icyatsi no guteza imbere ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu bizazana inyungu zikomeye mu karere. Mu gukoresha ingufu zishobora kubaho no guteza imbere ubufatanye mpuzamahanga, Aziya yo hagati irashobora kuba umuyobozi mu rugendo rw’ingufu z’icyatsi ku isi. Isi igomba kumvira umuhamagaro wo guhinduka kandi ikemera ko guhindura ingufu zirambye ari ngombwa mu kurwanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere no guharanira ejo hazaza heza.
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-31-2025