Kuzamuka kw'imodoka nshya z'Ubushinwa: guhitamo gushya ku isi

Mu myaka yashize, hibandwa ku isi hose iterambere rirambye no guteza imbere imyumvire y’ibidukikije,ibinyabiziga bishya by'ingufu (NEV)buhoro buhoro byahindutse isoko nyamukuru yimodoka.

Nk’isoko rishya ry’imodoka nini ku isi, Ubushinwa bugaragara vuba nk'umuyobozi mpuzamahanga mu binyabiziga bishya by’ingufu n’ubushobozi bukomeye bwo gukora, guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga no gushyigikira politiki. Iyi ngingo izasesengura ibyiza by’imodoka nshya z’ingufu z’Ubushinwa, ishimangira inzira y’igihugu ndetse no gukurura isoko mpuzamahanga.

1. Guhanga udushya hamwe nibyiza byinganda

Iterambere ryihuse ry’imodoka nshya z’Ubushinwa ntirishobora gutandukanywa n’udushya twinshi mu ikoranabuhanga n’urunigi rukomeye mu nganda. Mu myaka yashize, Ubushinwa bwateye intambwe igaragara mu ikoranabuhanga rya batiri, sisitemu yo gutwara amashanyarazi n’ikoranabuhanga rikoresha ubwenge. Kurugero, ibirango byabashinwa nkaBYD,WeilainaXiaopengbakoze intambwe ishimishije mu gukwirakwiza ingufu za batiri, umuvuduko wo kwishyuza no gutwara ibinyabiziga, kuzamura imikorere rusange yimodoka nshya.

Dukurikije amakuru aheruka gukorwa, abakora batiri mu Bushinwa bafite umwanya ukomeye ku isoko ry’isi, cyane cyane mu bijyanye na batiri ya lithium. Nkumushinga wa bateri nini ku isi, CATL ntabwo itanga ibicuruzwa byayo ku isoko ryimbere mu gihugu gusa, ahubwo inohereza no hanze, iba umufatanyabikorwa wingenzi mubirango mpuzamahanga nka Tesla. Izi nyungu zikomeye zinganda zituma ibinyabiziga bishya byingufu byu Bushinwa bifite ubushobozi bwo guhangana mu kugenzura ibiciro no kuvugurura ikoranabuhanga.

2. Inkunga ya Politiki n'ibisabwa ku isoko

Politiki yo gushyigikira guverinoma y'Ubushinwa ku binyabiziga bishya bitanga ingufu zitanga ingwate ikomeye yo guteza imbere inganda. Kuva mu 2015, guverinoma y'Ubushinwa yatangije politiki y’ingoboka, kugabanya imodoka no kugabanya ibikorwa remezo byo kubaka ibikorwa remezo, byatumye isoko rikenerwa cyane. Nk’uko Ishyirahamwe ry’Abashinwa bakora inganda z’imodoka ribitangaza, mu Bushinwa hagurishwa imodoka nshya z’ingufu zizagera kuri miliyoni 6.8 mu mwaka wa 2022, zikaba ziyongereyeho hejuru ya 100% umwaka ushize. Iterambere ryiterambere ntirigaragaza gusa kumenyekanisha abaguzi bo mu gihugu kubinyabiziga bishya byingufu, ahubwo binatanga umusingi witerambere ryisoko mpuzamahanga.

Byongeye kandi, uko amabwiriza y’ibidukikije ku isi agenda arushaho gukomera, ibihugu byinshi n’uturere byinshi byatangiye kugabanya igurishwa ry’ibinyabiziga bya peteroli gakondo ahubwo bishyigikira iterambere ry’ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu. Ibi bitanga isoko ryiza ryo kohereza mu mahanga ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu. Mu 2023, Ubushinwa bushya bwo gutwara ibinyabiziga bushya bw’ingufu bwarenze miliyoni 1 ku nshuro ya mbere, bituma buba bumwe mu bihugu byohereza ibicuruzwa byinshi mu mahanga ku isi, bikomeza gushimangira umwanya w’Ubushinwa ku isoko mpuzamahanga.

3. Imiterere mpuzamahanga nibiranga ikirango

Ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu z’abashinwa byihutisha imiterere yabyo ku isoko mpuzamahanga, byerekana imbaraga zikomeye. Fata BYD nk'urugero. Isosiyete ntabwo ifite umwanya wambere mu isoko ryimbere mu gihugu, ahubwo inagura cyane amasoko yo hanze, cyane cyane muburayi no muri Amerika yepfo. BYD yinjiye neza ku masoko y’ibihugu byinshi mu 2023 maze ishyiraho umubano w’ubufatanye n’amasosiyete yo mu karere, biteza imbere kumenyekanisha ikirango mpuzamahanga.

Byongeye kandi, ibicuruzwa bigenda bigaragara nka NIO na Xpeng nabyo birahatana cyane ku isoko mpuzamahanga. NIO yashyize ahagaragara SUV y’amashanyarazi yo mu rwego rwo hejuru ku isoko ry’i Burayi kandi yahise ishimwa n’abaguzi n’ibishushanyo n’ikoranabuhanga bidasanzwe. Xpeng yazamuye isura mpuzamahanga no kumenyekanisha isoko mu gukorana n’abakora amamodoka azwi ku rwego mpuzamahanga.

Kumenyekanisha ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu mu Bushinwa ntibigaragara gusa mu kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze, ahubwo binagaragarira mu kohereza ikoranabuhanga no kwagura serivisi. Amasosiyete yo mu Bushinwa yashyizeho imiyoboro yo kwishyuza na sisitemu ya serivisi nyuma yo kugurisha ku masoko yo mu mahanga, ibyo bikaba byateje imbere ubunararibonye bw’abaguzi kandi byongera ubushobozi bwo guhangana ku bicuruzwa byabo.

Kuzamuka kw'imodoka nshya z’Ubushinwa ntabwo ari intsinzi mu ikoranabuhanga no ku isoko gusa, ahubwo ni no kwerekana neza ingamba z’igihugu. Hamwe n'udushya twinshi mu ikoranabuhanga, inkunga ya politiki n'imiterere mpuzamahanga, imodoka nshya z’ingufu z’Ubushinwa zagize uruhare rukomeye ku isoko ry’isi. Mu bihe biri imbere, kubera ko isi yitaye cyane ku iterambere rirambye, imodoka nshya z’ingufu z’Ubushinwa zizakomeza gukina ibyiza byazo kandi zikurura abantu benshi n’abaguzi mpuzamahanga. Igikorwa cyo kumenyekanisha ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu bizazana amahirwe mashya n’ibibazo ku nganda z’imodoka ku isi kandi biteze imbere iterambere ry’inganda zose ku rwego rwo hejuru.

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