Nkuko inganda zitwara ibinyabiziga zigenda zihindukaion,ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi (EV)bari ku isonga ryiri hinduka. Ishoboye gukora ifite ingaruka nkeya ku bidukikije, EV ni igisubizo cyiza cyo gukemura ibibazo byingutu nkimihindagurikire y’ikirere n’umwanda w’imijyi. Ariko, kwimukira kumiterere yimodoka irambye ntabwo ari imbogamizi zayo. Amagambo aherutse gutangwa n'abayobozi b'inganda nka Lisa Blankin, umuyobozi wa Ford Motor UK, yagaragaje ko byihutirwa inkunga ya leta kugira ngo abakiriya bemerwe na EV.
Brankin yahamagariye guverinoma y'Ubwongereza gutanga inkunga y’abaguzi igera ku 5,000 £ ku modoka y’amashanyarazi. Ihamagarwa rishingiye ku guhatana gukabije kuva mu modoka zihenze ziva mu Bushinwa no mu nzego zitandukanye z’abaguzi ku masoko atandukanye. Inganda zitwara ibinyabiziga muri iki gihe zirimo guhangana n’ukuri ko inyungu z’abakiriya ku binyabiziga bitangiza ikirere zitaragera ku rwego ruteganijwe igihe aya mabwiriza yashyizweho bwa mbere. Brankin yashimangiye ko inkunga ya leta itaziguye ari ngombwa kugira ngo inganda zibeho, cyane cyane ko zihanganye n’ingorabahizi zo kwimura ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi.
Isohora ry’amashanyarazi ya Ford yagurishijwe cyane ya SUV ntoya, Puma Gen-E, ku ruganda rwayo rwa Halewood i Merseyside yerekana ubushake bw’isosiyete ku modoka z’amashanyarazi. Ariko, ibitekerezo bya Blankin byerekana impungenge nini: ko hazakenerwa ingamba zikomeye zo gushimangira abaguzi. Abajijwe ku bijyanye n’ingirakamaro zatewe inkunga, yavuze ko bigomba kuba hagati y £ 2000 na 5,000, avuga ko hazakenerwa inkunga ikomeye yo gushishikariza abakiriya guhindukirira imodoka z’amashanyarazi.
Ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi, cyangwa ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi (BEVs), byashizweho kugirango bikore kumashanyarazi yumuriro, ukoresheje moteri yamashanyarazi kugirango utware ibiziga. Ubu buhanga bushya ntabwo bwubahiriza gusa amategeko yumuhanda n’umutekano, ahubwo butanga inyungu zitandukanye kubidukikije. Bitandukanye n’ibinyabiziga bisanzwe bitwika imbere, ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi ntibisohora imyuka ihumanya ikirere, bifasha kweza ikirere no kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya nka monoxyde de carbone, hydrocarbone, okiside ya azote nibintu byangiza. Kubura ibyo byuka byangiza ninyungu zingenzi kuko bifasha kurwanya ibibazo nkimvura ya aside hamwe numwotsi wa fotokome, byangiza ubuzima bwabantu ndetse nibidukikije.
Usibye inyungu z’ibidukikije, ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi bizwiho no gukoresha ingufu. Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko ibinyabiziga bikoresha amashanyarazi bikoresha ingufu nyinshi kuruta ibinyabiziga bikomoka kuri lisansi, cyane cyane mubidukikije byo mumijyi bihagarara kenshi no gutwara umuvuduko. Iyi mikorere ntabwo igabanya gusa gushingira ku bicanwa biva mu kirere, ahubwo inemerera gukoresha ingamba zifatika zo gukoresha peteroli nkeya. Mugihe imijyi ikomeje guhangana n’ibibazo by’imodoka n’ibibazo by’ikirere, gufata ibinyabiziga bitanga amashanyarazi bitanga igisubizo gifatika kuri ibyo bibazo.
Byongeye kandi, igishushanyo mbonera cyimodoka zamashanyarazi ziyongera kubashimisha. Ugereranije n’imodoka ya moteri yaka imbere, ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi bifite ibice bike byimuka, ibyubaka byoroshye, nibisabwa byo kubungabunga bike. Imikoreshereze ya moteri ya induction ya AC, idasaba kubungabunga buri gihe, irusheho kunoza imikorere yimodoka zamashanyarazi. Uku koroshya imikorere no kuyitunganya bituma ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi bihitamo kubakoresha bashaka uburambe bwo gutwara.
Nubwo ibyiza byimodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi, inganda zihura ningorabahizi mugutezimbere kwakirwa. Imiterere irushanwa, cyane cyane iyinjira ryimodoka zamashanyarazi zihenze ziva mubushinwa, byongereye igitutu abakora amamodoka kwisi. Mu gihe ibigo biharanira kugera ikirenge mu ku isoko ry’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi, gukenera politiki yo gushyigikira no gutera inkunga byabaye ngombwa. Leta itabigizemo uruhare, kwimura ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi birashobora guhagarara, bikabuza iterambere kugana ejo hazaza heza.
Muri make, guhamagarira gushimangira abakiriya ba EV birenze guhamagarwa n'abayobozi b'inganda; ni intambwe ikenewe yo guteza imbere urusobe rw'ibinyabiziga birambye. Mugihe EV ikomeje kwamamara, leta zigomba kumenya ubushobozi bwazo kandi zigatanga inkunga ikenewe kugirango dushishikarize abaguzi. Ibyiza bya EVS kubidukikije, gukoresha ingufu, no koroshya kubungabunga bituma bahitamo imbaraga zigihe kizaza cyubwikorezi. Mugushora imari muri EV, dushobora guha inzira umubumbe usukuye, ufite ubuzima bwiza mugihe twizeye ko inganda zitwara ibinyabiziga zitera imbere muriki gihe gishya cyo guhanga udushya.
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-05-2024