Ihungabana ry’isoko ry’ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi by’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi: izamuka ry’ibivange n’ubuyobozi bw’ikoranabuhanga ry’Ubushinwa

Kuva muri Gicurasi 2025, isoko ry’ibinyabiziga by’Uburayi ryerekana uburyo “bubiri”: ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi (BEV) konte ya 15.4% gusa ya

umugabane wisoko, mugihe ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi bivangavanze (HEV na PHEV) bingana na 43.3%, bifata umwanya wiganje. Iki kintu ntigaragaza gusa impinduka zikenewe ku isoko, ahubwo gitanga icyerekezo gishya cyiterambere ry’inganda nshya z’ingufu z’ingufu ku isi.

Amacakubiri n'ibibazo by'isoko rya EU

Nk’uko imibare iheruka ibigaragaza, imikorere y’isoko rya EU BEV yatandukanye cyane mu mezi atanu ya mbere ya 2025. Ubudage, Ububiligi n’Ubuholandi byayoboye umuvuduko w’ubwiyongere bwa 43.2%, 26.7% na 6.7%, ariko isoko ry’Ubufaransa ryagabanutseho 7.1%. Muri icyo gihe, imiterere y’imvange yateye imbere ku masoko nk’Ubufaransa, Espagne, Ubutaliyani n’Ubudage, igera ku iterambere rya 38.3%, 34.9%, 13.8% na 12.1%.

Nubwo ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi byera (BEV) byiyongereyeho 25% umwaka ushize muri Gicurasi, ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi bivangavanze (HEV) byiyongereyeho 16%, naho ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi bivangavanze (PHEV) byiyongereye cyane mukwezi kwa gatatu gukurikiranye, byiyongereyeho 46.9%, ingano yisoko muri rusange iracyafite imbogamizi. Mu mezi atanu ya mbere ya 2025, umubare w’abiyandikishije mu modoka nshya mu bihugu by’Uburayi wagabanutseho gato 0,6% umwaka ushize, byerekana ko igabanuka ry’ibinyabiziga gakondo bituzuye neza.

Ikirushijeho gukomera ni uko hari itandukaniro rinini hagati y’igipimo cyinjira muri iki gihe ku isoko rya BEV n’intego nshya y’imodoka 2035 z’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi. Ibikorwa remezo byo kwishyuza bidatinze hamwe nigiciro kinini cya batiri byahindutse intandaro. Hano hari sitasiyo zitwara abantu zitageze ku 1.000 zikwiranye namakamyo aremereye muburayi, kandi kumenyekanisha kwihuta kurwego rwa megawatt biratinda. Byongeye kandi, igiciro cyibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi biracyari hejuru kurenza ibinyabiziga bya lisansi nyuma yinkunga. Guhangayikishwa cyane nigitutu cyubukungu bikomeje guhagarika ishyaka ryabaguzi.

Kuzamuka no guhanga udushya mu binyabiziga bishya by’Ubushinwa

Ku isoko ry’imodoka nshya ku isi, imikorere y’Ubushinwa irashimishije cyane. Nk’uko Ishyirahamwe ry’Abashinwa bakora inganda z’imodoka ribitangaza ngo biteganijwe ko igurishwa ry’imodoka nshya z’Ubushinwa rizagera kuri miliyoni 7 mu 2025, rikomeza kuba isoko ry’imodoka nini ku isi. Abashoferi b'Abashinwa bateye intambwe ihoraho mu guhanga udushya, cyane cyane mu ikoranabuhanga rya batiri no gutwara ubwenge.

Kurugero, CATL, nkumukoresha wa batiri wambere ku isi, yashyize ahagaragara bateri "4680 ″, ifite ingufu nyinshi kandi n’umusaruro muke. Gukoresha iri koranabuhanga ntabwo bizamura gusa kwihanganira ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi, ahubwo binatanga amahirwe yo kugabanya ibiciro byimodoka yose. Byongeye kandi, moderi yo gusimbuza batiri ya NIO nayo iratera imbere. Abakoresha barashobora kurangiza gusimbuza bateri muminota mike, bikagabanya cyane kwihangana.

Ku bijyanye no gutwara ibinyabiziga bifite ubwenge, Huawei yafatanije n’amasosiyete menshi y’imodoka gutangiza ibisubizo byubwenge bwo gutwara bishingiye ku chipi yikoreye ubwayo, ifite ubushobozi bwo gutwara ibinyabiziga bya L4. Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ikoranabuhanga ntiriteza imbere umutekano wo gutwara no korohereza gusa, ahubwo rinashyiraho urufatiro rwo gucuruza ejo hazaza h’imodoka zitagira abapilote.

Amarushanwa azaza ku isoko no guhatanira ikoranabuhanga

Mu gihe amabwiriza y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi akomeje gukaza umurego, abakora ibinyabiziga bahura n’igitutu cyo kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, kandi bashobora guhatirwa kwihutisha guhindura amashanyarazi. Mu bihe biri imbere, guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga, kugenzura ibiciro n’imikino ya politiki bizahindura imiterere y’irushanwa ry’isoko ry’ibinyabiziga by’i Burayi. Ninde ushobora guca icyuho agakoresha amahirwe arashobora kugena icyerekezo cyanyuma cyo guhindura inganda.

Ni muri urwo rwego, Ubushinwa bushya bw’imodoka zikoresha ingufu z’ikoranabuhanga buzaba isoko y’ingenzi mu guhatanira amasoko ku isi. Hamwe niterambere ryiterambere ryikoranabuhanga hamwe no gukura buhoro buhoro ku isoko, abakora amamodoka yo mu Bushinwa biteganijwe ko bazagira uruhare runini ku isoko ry’imodoka z’amashanyarazi.

Ihungabana ry’isoko ry’ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi by’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi ntabwo ari ibisubizo by’impinduka zikenewe ku isoko gusa, ahubwo ni n'ingaruka zo guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga no kuyobora politiki. Umwanya wa mbere mu Bushinwa mu guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga ry’imodoka nshya zizana amahirwe mashya n’ibibazo ku isoko ry’isi. Mu bihe biri imbere, hamwe no kwihutisha gahunda yo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi, inganda nshya z’imodoka zizatangiza iterambere ryagutse.

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