Ikibazo cyo "gusaza" ni ahantu hose. Noneho ni amacakubiri ya bateri.
Ati: "Umubare munini w'ibinyabiziga bishya by'ibinyabiziga bizarangira mu myaka umunani yakurikiyeho, kandi byihutirwa gukemura ikibazo cyubuzima bwa bateri." Vuba aha, Li bin, umuyobozi n'umukeri wa Nio, yaburiye inshuro nyinshi ko niba iki kibazo kidashobora gukemurwa neza, ibiciro byinshi bizaza bizakoreshwa mu gukemura ibibazo byakurikiyeho.
Ku isoko rya bateri yimbaraga, uyu mwaka ni umwaka udasanzwe. Muri 2016, igihugu cyanjye cyashyize mu bikorwa Politiki y'umwaka wa 8 cyangwa 120.000-kilometero ya kilometero kuri bateri yimodoka nshya. Muri iki gihe, batteri z'ibinyabiziga bishya byaguzwe mu mwaka wa mbere wa politiki wegera cyangwa kugera ku iherezo rya garanti. Amakuru yerekana ko mumyaka umunani yakurikiyeho, hamwe nibinyabiziga birenga miliyoni 19 bizajya byinjira buhoro buhoro kuzenguruka bateri.
Kubisosiyete yimodoka bifuza gukora ubucuruzi bwa bateri, iyi ni isoko ritabuze.
Mu 1995, imodoka yanjye yambere yigihugu yibanda ku murongo wo guterana - bisi y'amashanyarazi yera yitwa "Yuanwang". Mu myaka 20 ishize kuva icyo gihe, inganda zanjye zo mu gihugu cyanjye cy'ibinyabiziga byateye buhoro buhoro.
Kuberako urusaku ruto cyane kandi ni ibinyabiziga bikora, abakoresha batarashoboye kwishimira amahame yigihugu yigihugu y "umutima" wibinyabiziga bishya byingufu - bateri. Intara zimwe, imigi cyangwa ibigo byimodoka nabyo byateguye ibipimo bya bateri yamashanyarazi, ibyinshi bitanga garanti yimyaka 5 cyangwa 100.000-100.000
Ntabwo ari 2015 ibinyabiziga by'ingufu zanjye ngarukamwaka byatangira kurenga 300.000 bikaba biranga, bigahinduka imbaraga nshya zidashobora kwirengagizwa. Byongeye kandi, Leta itanga "amafaranga nyayo" nk'inkunga nshya y'ingufu no gusonerwa umusoro ku buguzi guteza imbere ingufu nshya, n'amasosiyete na sosiyete na sosiyete na bo bakorera hamwe.
Muri 2016, ingufu za bateri zishingiye ku gitsina politiki ya bateri zisanzwe zarangije kubaho. Igihe cyarangwate yimyaka 8 cyangwa 120.000 kilometero 120.000 zirenze imyaka 3 cyangwa ibirometero 60.000 bya moteri. Mu gusubiza politiki no gusuzuma kwagura ibicuruzwa bishya byingufu, ibigo bimwe byimodoka byaguye igihe cya garanti kigera kuri kilometero 240.000 cyangwa kariya garanti. Ibi bihwanye no guha abaguzi bashaka kugura ibinyabiziga bishya byingufu "
Kuva icyo gihe, isoko rishya ry'ingufu z'igihugu ryagiye ryinjiye mu iterambere ryimikurire yihuta, hamwe no kugurisha ibinyabiziga bya mbere mu mwaka wa 19.5 byaje kugera kuri miliyoni 19.5, ubwiyongere 60 buvuye mu myaka irindwi ishize.
Mu buryo buhuye, kuva 2025 kugeza 2032, umubare w'ibinyabiziga bishya by'ingufu hamwe na garanti barangiye kandi bizongera umwaka n'umwaka, kuva mu ntangiriro 320 kugeza kuri miliyoni 10.3 kugeza kuri miliyoni 7.30. Li bin yerekanye ko guhera mu mwaka utaha, abakoresha bazahura n'ibibazo nk'ibiti by'ingufu biri hanze ya garanti, "bateri y'ibinyabiziga bifite ubuzima butandukanye ndetse n'ibiciro byo gusimbuza bateri.
Iki kintu kizagaragara cyane mubice bishya byibinyabiziga bishya byingufu. Muri kiriya gihe, ikoranabuhanga rya bateri, gahunda yo gukora, na nyuma ya nyuma yo kugurisha ntabwo byakuze bihagije, bikaviramo ibicuruzwa bibi. Ahagana mu 2017, amakuru ya bateri ya bateri y'imbaraga yagaragaye umwe umwe. Ingingo y'umutekano wa bateri yabaye ingingo ishyushye mu nganda kandi yanagize ingaruka ku cyizere cy'abaguzi mu kugura ibinyabiziga bishya by'ingufu.
Kugeza ubu, muri iki gihe nizeraga mu nganda z'uko ubuzima bwa bateri muri rusange bugera ku myaka 3-5, kandi ubuzima bw'imodoka busanzwe burenga imyaka 5. Batare nibice bihenze cyane byimodoka nshya ingufu, muri rusange ibazwa hafi 30% yikinyabiziga cyose.
Nio itanga amakuru yishyurwa kuri nyuma yo kugurisha amapaki ya bateri kubinyabiziga bishya byingufu. Kurugero, ubushobozi bwa bateri bwa kode yicyitegererezo cyamashanyarazi-A "ni 96.1KWE, hamwe nigiciro cyo gusimbuza bateri ni hejuru ya 233,000 yuba 233.000. Kuri bibiri byagutse-moderi ifite ubushobozi bwa bateri bugera kuri 40kh, igiciro cyo gusimbuza bateri kirenze 8000 yuan. Ndetse kuri hybrid moderi ifite ubushobozi bwamashanyarazi butarenze 30KW, igiciro cyo gusimburwa kwa bateri cyegereje kuri 60.000 yuan.
Li Bini yagize ati: "Moderi zimwe ziva mu bakora urugwiro ziyoboye ibirometero miliyoni. Igiciro cyo gusimbuza bateri eshatu zarenze igiciro cyimodoka ubwayo.
Niba ikiguzi cyo gusimbuza bateri gihindukira kijya mu 60.000. Kugeza ubu miliyoni 19.5 z'ibinyabiziga by'ingufu zabo zizarangira mu myaka umunani bizarangira mu myaka umunani bizakora isoko rishya ry'amadorari. Duhereye ku masosiyete acukura amabuye y'agaciro yo hejuru mu maso ya bateri ya bateri ya bateri ya Bateri ya Bateri ya Bateri muri Anstream no kumasosiyete atonyanga kandi nyuma yo kugurisha, bose bazungukirwa nibi.
Niba amasosiyete ashaka kubona byinshi muri pie, bagomba guhatanira kureba uwashobora guteza imbere bateri nshya ishobora gufata neza "imitima" yabaguzi.
Mu myaka umunani yakurikiyeho, bateri zitwara miliyoni 20 zimodoka zizinjira mu ruziga rwo gusimbuza. Amasosiyete ya Batters hamwe namasosiyete yimodoka byose ashaka gufata iyi "bucuruzi".
Kimwe n'uburyo butandukanye bwo kwiteza imbere ingufu, ibigo byinshi nabyo byavuze kandi ko ikoranabuhanga rya bateri rinatanga imirongo myinshi nka lithium, imiterere ya lithium, igihugu gikomeye, hamwe na leta yose. Kuri iki cyiciro, lithium forphate na bateri lithium na ternary lithium nibyingenzi, bibazwa hafi 99% byibisubizo byose.
Kugeza ubu, inganda z'igihugu zisanzwe za Bateri zidasanzwe zidashobora kurenga 20% mugihe cya garanti, kandi bisaba ko ibibazo byubushobozi bitarenze 80% nyuma yishyurwa 1.000.
Ariko, muburyo bufatika, biragoye kuzuza iki gisabwa kubera ingaruka zubushyuhe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru no kurangiza. Amakuru yerekana ko kuri ubu, bateri nyinshi zifite ubuzima bwa 70% gusa mugihe cya garanti. Ubuzima bwa batiri bumaze kugabanuka munsi ya 70%, imikorere yayo izagabanuka cyane, uburambe bwumukoresha buzagira ingaruka cyane, kandi ibibazo byumutekano bizavuka.
Dukurikije Weilai, kugabanuka k'ubuzima bwa bateri bifitanye isano ahanini n'agatsiko k'abafite imodoka no "kubika imodoka", muri byo "kubika imodoka" kuri 85%. Bamwe mu bamenyereye bagaragaje ko abakoresha ingufu nyinshi muri iki gihe bamenyereye gukoresha kwishyuza byihuse kugira ngo bahuze ingufu, ariko gukoresha kenshi kwihuta kwihuta bizahita bihutira imyaka igera kuri bateri no kugabanya.
Li bin yemera ko 2024 ari igihe cyingenzi node. "Birakenewe gutegura gahunda y'ubuzima bwiza bwa bateri y'abakoresha, inganda zose, ndetse n'umuryango wose."
Ku bijyanye n'iterambere rya none ikoranabuhanga rya bateri, imiterere ya bateri ndende irakwiriye ku isoko. Bitwa cyane bateri yubuzima burebure, uzwi kandi nka "bateri idateruye", ishingiye kuri bateri yamazi ariho (cyane cyane bateri ya ternary hamwe na bateri ya eritunate) hamwe nibikoresho byiza bya electrode kugirango ucire intege kwa bateri. Ni ukuvuga, ibikoresho byiza bya electrode byongerwaho hamwe na "lithium yuzuza umukozi", hamwe nibikoresho bibi bya electrode byakozwe na silicon.
Igihe cy'inganda ni "dilicon dopim na lithium byuzuza". Abasesenguzi bamwe bavuze ko mu gihe cyo kwishyuza imbaraga nshya, cyane cyane niba kwishyuza byihuse bikoreshwa, Indimi zo kuriri irashobora kwagura ubuzima bwa bateri, mugihe doping douping irashobora kugabanya igihe cyihuse cyo kwishyuza.
Mubyukuri, ibigo bireba birimo gukora cyane kugirango ubuzima bwa bateri. Ku ya 14 Werurwe, Nio yashyize ahagaragara ingamba za bateri ndende. Muri iyo nama, Nio yatangije ko sisitemu ya bateri ya 150kwh Umwaka ushize, Weilai et7 yari afite bateri ya mbere yimpamyabumenyi 150 yo kwipimisha, kandi ubuzima bwa bateri ya CLTC bwarenze kilometero 1.000.
Byongeye kandi, nio na we yateje imbere 100kw yoroheje-yuzuye ya bateri ya bateri ya sikor ya disiki na 75kw ternary ibyuma-lithirim sisitemu ya bateri. Ikamyo manini ya silindrike yateye imbere hamwe ninyuma yimbere ya miliohms 1.6 ifite ubushobozi bwa 5c kandi bushobora kumara kugera kuri 255km kumurongo wiminota 5.
NIO said that based on the large battery replacement cycle, the battery life can still maintain 80% health after 12 years, which is higher than the industry average of 70% health in 8 years. Noneho, Nio arimo guterana na Catl kugirango atere imbere bateri ndende, hamwe nintego yo kugira urwego rwubuzima rwabatarenze 85% mugihe ubuzima bwa bateri burangiye mumyaka 15.
Mbere y'ibi, Catl yatangaje muri 2020 ko yateje imbere bateri "ya zeru yo kwitiranya zeru" ishobora kugera ku byaha bya zeru muri cycle 1.500. Nk'uko abantu bamenyereye icyo kibazo, bateri yakoreshejwe mu mishinga yo kubika ingufu za Catl, ariko nta makuru akaba mu bijyanye n'imodoka zitwara abagenzi.
Muri iki gihe, Catl na Zhiji Automobile bakubise intoki hamwe n "tekinoroji ya silicon-yakorewe abantu bonyine kandi" ntibigera bagera ku birometero bya zeru kandi "ntibigera bigera ku birometero byakorewe zeru kandi" ntibigera bikaba urugero rwa kilometero 200, hamwe n'ingufu nyinshi / kg.
Igitabo cyo guteza imbere no guteza imbere bateri ndende zifite ubusobanuro runaka kubigo byimodoka, abakoresha imbaraga nshya ndetse ninganda zose.
Mbere ya byose, kubisosiyete yimodoka hamwe nabakora bateri, yongera chip yo guhahirana murugamba kugirango ishyireho ibipimo bya bateri. Umuntu wese ushobora gutera imbere cyangwa gukoresha bateri yubuzima ndende mbere azagira andi kandi afite amasoko menshi. Cyane cyane ibigo bishishikajwe no gusimbuza bateri bashishikaye cyane.
Nkuko twese tubizi, igihugu cyanjye ntikirashinga modular ya bateri ihuza kuriki cyiciro. Kugeza ubu, tekinoroji yo gusimbuza bateri ni umupayiniya w'ikizamini cya bateri ya bateri. Xin Guobin, Visi Minisitiri w'inganda n'ikoranabuhanga mu mwaka, byatumye rusobanura muri Kamena umwaka ushize ko yiga ko ikoranabuhanga risanzwe kandi rishyira ahagaragara igenamiterere ry'ingano ya bateri, interineti ya bateri hamwe n'ibindi bipimo. Ibi ntabwo biteza imbere guhumeka gusa no guhinduranya bateri, ariko nanone bifasha kugabanya ibiciro byumusaruro no kunoza imikorere yumusaruro.
Ibigo byifuza kuba urutonde rusanzwe mumasoko yo gusimbuza bateri yihutisha imbaraga zabo. Gufata Nio nkurugero, ukurikije ibikorwa no guteganya bateri amakuru manini, nio yaguye ubuzima bwa bateri nagaciro ka bateri muri sisitemu iriho. Ibi bizana icyumba cyo guhindura ibiciro bya serivisi yubukode bwa Batteri. Muri Baas nshya ya Baas Batters Services, Bateri isanzwe ya Bateri yagabanutse kuva kuri 980 kugeza 728 Yuan ku kwezi, hamwe na bateri ndende yahinduwe kuva 1,680 yukwezi ku ya 1,128 buri kwezi.
Abantu bamwe bemeza ko kubaka ubufatanye bwingufu muri bagenzi bangahe bihuye nubuyobozi bwa politiki.
Nio ni umuyobozi mu rwego rwa bateri. Umwaka ushize, Weilai yinjiye mu gusimbuza bateri y'igihugu "hitamo umwe kuva kuri bane". Kugeza ubu, Nio yubatse kandi akora sitasiyo za bateri zirenga 2.300, kandi yakujyanye na kanzani, geely, jac, chery nandi masosiyete y'imodoka kwinjira mu rubuga rwa bateri. Nk'uko amakuru abitangaza, bateri ya bateri ya Nio igereranya swater ya bateri 70.000 ku munsi, ndetse no muri Werurwe uyu mwaka, yatanze abakoresha bakoresheje miliyoni 40 za bateri.
Nio yatangijwe na bateri-yubuzima burebure vuba bishoboka birashobora gufasha umwanya mu isoko rya bateri rinuka cyane, kandi irashobora kandi kongera ibiro byayo kugirango ibe igipimo gisanzwe kuri swapt ya bateri. Muri icyo gihe, gukundwa kwa bateri ndende bizafasha ibirango byongera ibihembo. Imbere yagize ati: "Bateri ndende ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu bicuruzwa byinshi."
Kubaguzi, niba bateri z'ubuzima ndende ari rusange kandi igashyirwaho mumodoka, muri rusange ntibakeneye kwishyura abasimbura bateri mugihe cya garanti, mubyukuri bimenye "ubuzima bumwe." Irashobora kandi gufatwa nkibiciro bitaziguye ibiciro byo gusimbuza bateri.
Nubwo ishimangirwa mu gitabo gishya cy'ingufu cy'ingufu zishingiye ku kinyabiziga ko bateri ishobora gusimburwa kubuntu mugihe cya garanti. Ariko, umuntu umenyereye ikibazo yavuze ko gusimburwa na bateri yubusa bigengwa nibihe. Ati: "Mu bihe bifatika, gusimburwa kubuntu ni gake byatanzwe, kandi gusimburwa bizangwa kubwimpamvu zitandukanye." Kurugero, urutonde runaka rutondekanya urwego rudasanzwe rutagatifu, kimwe muricyo "gikoresha ikinyabiziga" mugihe cyibikorwa, amafaranga yo gusohora kwa bateri afite imyaka 80% kurenza ubushobozi bwa bateri. "
Duhereye kuri ubu, bateri ndende ubuzima ubu ni ubucuruzi bushoboye. Ariko iyo bizashyirwa ku rugero runini, igihe kitaramenyekana. N'ubundi kandi, abantu bose barashobora kuvuga ku nyigisho y'ibikoresho bya silicon-dodlic, ariko biracyakeneye kugenzura no kwipimisha inama mbere yo gusaba ubucuruzi. Inganda zifatanije n'inganda zivuga ko "Iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga rya Bateri-risekuruza rizatwara byibuze imyaka ibiri."
Kohereza Igihe: APR-13-2024