Amashanyarazi meza vs plug-in hybrid, ubu ninde shoferi nyamukuru yo kongera ingufu nshya zohereza ibicuruzwa hanze?

Kubijyanye nubwoko bwingufu, ibinyabiziga bya lisansi gakondo biracyari imbaraga zingenzi mubyoherezwa hanze. Mu mezi arindwi ya mbere, ibicuruzwa byoherejwe mu mahanga byari imodoka miliyoni 2.554, umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 34,6%. Ibinyuranye na byo, umubare w’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga by’ingufu nshya mu gihe kimwe byari 708.000, umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 11.4%. Iterambere ry’iterambere ryadindije cyane, kandi uruhare rwarwo muri rusange rwohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga rwaragabanutse.
Twabibutsa ko mu 2023 na mbere yaho, imodoka nshya z’ingufu nizo zagize uruhare runini mu gutwara ibinyabiziga byoherezwa mu mahanga mu gihugu cyanjye. Mu 2023, igihugu cyanjye cyohereza mu mahanga imodoka zizaba miliyoni 4.91, umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 57.9%, ibyo bikaba birenze umuvuduko w’imodoka zikomoka kuri peteroli, bitewe ahanini n’ubwiyongere bwa 77,6% ku mwaka ku mwaka bw’ingufu nshya ibinyabiziga. Guhera mu mwaka wa 2020, ibinyabiziga bishya byoherezwa mu mahanga byakomeje umuvuduko w’ubwiyongere bwikubye inshuro ebyiri, aho ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga biva mu modoka bitageze ku 100.000 bikagera ku 680.000 mu 2022.

Nyamara, umuvuduko w’ubwiyongere bw’ibinyabiziga bishya byoherezwa mu mahanga byagabanutse muri uyu mwaka, ibyo bikaba byaragize ingaruka ku mikorere y’igihugu cyanjye muri rusange. Nubwo muri rusange ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bikomeje kwiyongera hafi 30% umwaka-ku-mwaka, byerekanaga ko byagabanutse ukwezi-ukwezi. Nyakanga amakuru yerekana ko ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu gihugu cyanjye byiyongereyeho 19,6% umwaka ushize kandi byagabanutseho 3,2% ukwezi ku kwezi.
By'umwihariko ku binyabiziga bishya bitanga ingufu, nubwo ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga byakomeje kwiyongera ku mibare 11% mu mezi arindwi ya mbere y’uyu mwaka, byagabanutse cyane ugereranije no kwiyongera inshuro 1.5 mu gihe kimwe cy’umwaka ushize. Mu mwaka umwe gusa, igihugu cyanjye gishya cy’ibinyabiziga byoherezwa mu mahanga byahuye n’impinduka nini. Kubera iki?

Kwohereza mu mahanga ibinyabiziga bishya bitanga ingufu biratinda

Muri Nyakanga uyu mwaka, igihugu cyanjye gishya cyoherezwa mu mahanga ingufu z’ingufu zageze ku bihumbi 103.000, umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 2,2% gusa, kandi umuvuduko w’ubwiyongere waragabanutse. Ugereranije, ibyinshi mu byoherezwa mu mahanga buri kwezi mbere ya Kamena biracyakomeza umuvuduko w’umwaka ku mwaka urenga 10%. Nyamara, ubwiyongere bwikubye kabiri kugurisha buri kwezi byari bisanzwe umwaka ushize ntibikigaragara.
Imiterere yibi bintu ituruka ku bintu byinshi. Mbere ya byose, ubwiyongere bukomeye bwibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga by’ingufu nshya byagize ingaruka ku mikorere yiterambere. Muri 2020, igihugu cyanjye gishya ingufu z’ibinyabiziga byohereza mu mahanga bizaba hafi 100.000. Shingiro ni nto kandi umuvuduko wo gukura uroroshye kwerekana. Kugeza mu 2023, ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga byazamutse bigera kuri miliyoni 1.203. Kwaguka shingiro bituma bigorana gukomeza umuvuduko mwinshi witerambere, kandi umuvuduko wubwiyongere nabwo birumvikana.

Icya kabiri, impinduka muri politiki y’ibihugu bikomeye byohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga zagize ingaruka ku gihugu cyanjye gishya cyohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga.

Dukurikije imibare yaturutse mu buyobozi bukuru bwa gasutamo, Burezili, Ububiligi, n'Ubwongereza ni byo bitatu bya mbere byohereje mu mahanga imodoka nshya z’ingufu mu gihugu cyanjye mu gice cya mbere cy'uyu mwaka. Byongeye kandi, ibihugu by’Uburayi nka Espagne n’Ubudage nabyo ni isoko ry’ingenzi mu gihugu cyanjye cyohereza ingufu mu mahanga. Umwaka ushize, igihugu cyanjye cyagurishije imodoka nshya z’ingufu zoherejwe mu Burayi zingana na 40% zose hamwe. Nyamara, muri uyu mwaka, kugurisha mu bihugu bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi byagaragaje ko byagabanutse, bikamanuka kugera kuri 30%.

Impamvu nyamukuru itera iki kibazo ni iperereza ry’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi ku modoka z’amashanyarazi zitumizwa mu gihugu cyanjye. Guhera ku ya 5 Nyakanga, Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi uzashyiraho imisoro y’agateganyo ya 17.4% kugeza kuri 37.6% ku binyabiziga by’amashanyarazi bitumizwa mu mahanga bivuye mu Bushinwa hashingiwe ku gipimo gisanzwe cya 10%, mu gihe cy’amezi 4. Iyi politiki yatumye igabanuka rikabije ry’imodoka z’amashanyarazi z’Ubushinwa zoherezwa mu Burayi, ari nazo zagize ingaruka ku mikorere rusange yoherezwa mu mahanga.
Gucomeka muri Hybrid muri moteri nshya yo gukura

Nubwo ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi by’igihugu cyanjye byageze ku iterambere ry’imibare ibiri muri Aziya, Amerika yepfo na Amerika ya Ruguru, muri rusange ibyoherezwa mu mahanga by’amashanyarazi meza byagaragaje ko byagabanutse bitewe n’igabanuka rikabije ry’ibicuruzwa ku masoko y’i Burayi n’inyanja.

Imibare irerekana ko mu gice cya mbere cya 2024, igihugu cyanjye cyohereje ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi meza mu Burayi byari 303.000, umwaka ushize ukagabanuka 16%; ibyoherezwa muri Oceania byari 43.000, umwaka ushize ugabanuka 19%. Inzira yo kumanuka muri aya masoko yombi akomeye ikomeje kwaguka. Ingaruka zibi, ibicuruzwa by’amashanyarazi mu gihugu cyanjye byoherezwa mu mahanga byagabanutse mu mezi ane yikurikiranya kuva muri Werurwe, aho kugabanuka kwagabanutse kuva kuri 2,4% kugera kuri 16.7%.

Muri rusange ibyoherezwa mu mahanga by’ingufu nshya mu mezi arindwi ya mbere biracyakomeza kwiyongera ku mibare ibiri, cyane cyane bitewe n’imikorere ikomeye y’imashini icomeka (plug-in hybrid). Muri Nyakanga, ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga biva mu mahanga bivanga mu modoka 27.000, umwaka ushize byiyongera inshuro 1.9; ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga mu mezi arindwi ya mbere byari imodoka 154.000, umwaka-ku mwaka wiyongereyeho 1.8.

Umubare w’ibikoresho bivangwa n’ibikoresho bishya by’ingufu zoherezwa mu mahanga byavuye kuri 8% umwaka ushize bigera kuri 22%, buhoro buhoro bisimbuza ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi nk’imodoka nyamukuru yo kuzamura ibinyabiziga bishya byoherezwa mu mahanga.

Amacomeka ya Hybrid yerekana iterambere ryihuse mubice byinshi. Mu gice cya mbere cy'umwaka, ibyoherezwa muri Aziya byari imodoka 36.000, umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 2,9; muri Amerika y'Epfo yari imodoka 69.000, kwiyongera inshuro 3.2; muri Amerika ya Ruguru yari imodoka 21.000, umwaka ushize kwiyongera inshuro 11,6. Iterambere rikomeye muri utwo turere rikuraho neza ingaruka zo kugabanuka mu Burayi na Oseyaniya.

Ubwiyongere bw'igurisha ry'ibicuruzwa biva mu Bushinwa byinjira mu masoko menshi ku isi bifitanye isano rya bugufi n'imikorere myiza y'ibiciro kandi bifatika. Ugereranije nuburyo bwiza bwamashanyarazi, imashini icomeka ifite ibiciro byo gukora ibinyabiziga bike, kandi ibyiza byo kuba ushobora gukoresha amavuta n amashanyarazi bibafasha gupfundika ibintu byinshi.

Inganda muri rusange zizera ko ikoranabuhanga ry’ibivange rifite amahirwe menshi ku isoko ry’ingufu nshya ku isi kandi biteganijwe ko rizajyana n’imodoka zifite amashanyarazi meza kandi rikaba inkingi y’ibinyabiziga bishya by’Ubushinwa byohereza mu mahanga.