Mu myaka yashize, ibyohereza mu Bushinwa byoherejwe mu Bushinwa byakomeje gukubita hejuru. Muri 2023, Ubushinwa buzamura Ubuyapani kandi buhinduke ibicuruzwa binini byohereza imodoka ku isi hamwe n'imodoka yohereza ibicuruzwa ku birori miliyoni 4.91. Kuva muri Nyakanga uyu mwaka, igihugu cyanjye gishinzwe kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze y'imodoka kigeze mu bice 3.262, amafaranga y'umwaka y'ubujurire ku ya 28.8%. Ikomeje kugumana imbaraga zayo ziterambere nigihe zihagaze nkigihugu kinini cyo kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze.
Ibicuruzwa byanjye byoherezwa mu gihugu byiganjemo imodoka zitwara abagenzi. Umubare w'inyongera mu mezi arindwi ubanza ni miliyoni 2.738, ibarura miliyoni 84% rusange, kubungabunga imibare ibiri yo gukura kurenza 30%.
Kubijyanye nubwoko bwamashanyarazi, ibinyabiziga gakondo gakondo biracyari imbaraga nyamukuru mubyoherezwa mu mahanga. Mu mezi arindwi ya mbere, amajwi yohereza ibicuruzwa hanze yari miliyoni 2,554, amafaranga yumwaka yiyongera 34,6%. Ibinyuranye n'ibyo, ubwinshi bw'ibinyabiziga bishya by'ingufu z'ingufu muri icyo gihe byari ibice 708.000, mu gihe cyo kwiyongera k'umwaka 11.4%. Igipimo cyo gukura cyatinze cyane, kandi umusanzu wacyo wohereza ibicuruzwa muri rusange.
Birakwiye ko tumenya ko muri 2023 na mbere, ibinyabiziga bishya byingufu byabaye imbaraga nyamukuru zitwara ibyoherezwa mu gihugu cyanjye. Muri 2023, ibyoherezwa mu modoka zo mu gihugu bizaba miliyoni 4.91, umwaka wo kwiyongera k'umwaka 57.9%, urenze urugero rw'imodoka za lisansi, cyane cyane bitewe n'umwaka wa 77,6% w'iterambere ry'ibinyabiziga bishya. Gukundana na 2020, ibyoherezwa mu binyabiziga bishya byoherezwa mu mahanga byakomeje igipimo cyo kwiyongera inshuro zirenga ebyiri, hamwe n'ijwi ryoherezwa mu mahanga ku binyabiziga 100.000 kugeza kuri 680.000 muri 2022.
Icyakora, umubare wo kwiyongera kw'ibinyabiziga bishya by'ibinyabiziga byatindaga uyu mwaka, byagize ingaruka ku mikorere y'igihugu cyanjye cyohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Nubwo ingano rusange yoherezamo ubunini ikomeje kwiyongera hafi 30% yumwaka-mumyaka, yerekanaga ukwezi kumanuka-ukwezi. Nyakanga amakuru yerekana ko ibyoherezwa mu modoka zanjye byo mu gihugu byiyongereyeho 19.6% by'umwaka-ku mwaka ndetse no kugabanuka ku kwezi kwa 3.2%.
Byihariye kubinyabiziga bishya byingufu, nubwo amajwi yoherezwa hanze yakomeje kwiyongera kwimibare ibiri ya 11% mumezi arindwi yambere yuyu mwaka, yagabanutse cyane ku bwiyongere bwa 1.5 mugihe kimwe cyumwaka ushize. Mu mwaka umwe gusa, ibyoherezwa mu gihugu cyanjye cy'ibinyabiziga byoherezwa mu mahanga byahuye n'impinduka nini. Kubera iki?
Ibyoherezwa mu binyabiziga bishya bitinda
Muri Nyakanga uyu mwaka, ibyoherezwa mu mahanga mu gihugu cy'ibinyabiziga bigerwaho mu mitwe 103.000, umwaka wo kwiyongera k'umwaka ukomokamo uko ari 2.2% gusa, kandi igipimo cyo gukura cyaragabanutse. Mugereranije, ibyinshi mubicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga mbere ya Kamena biracyakomeza umubare witerambere ryumwaka ugereranije na 10%. Ariko, iterambere ryo gukuba kabiri ryerekana kugurisha buri kwezi byari bisanzwe mumwaka ushize ntabwo yongeye kongera kugaragara.
Imiterere yiyi ngingo ikomoka mubintu byinshi. Mbere ya byose, ubwiyongere bukomeye mu rwego rwohereza ibicuruzwa hanze y'ibinyabiziga bishya byagize ingaruka ku mikorere yo mu iterambere. Muri 2020, igihugu cyanjye gishya cy'ibinyabiziga byoherezwa mu mahanga ibirori bizaba bigera ku 100.000. Ishingiro ni nto kandi igipimo cyo gukura biroroshye kwerekana. Na 2023, amajwi yoherezwa mu mahanga yahise asimbukira ku binyabiziga miliyoni 1.203. Kwagura shingiro bituma bigorana gukomeza igipimo cyiterambere ryinshi, kandi gutinda ku buryo bwo gukura nabwo burumvikana.
Icya kabiri, impinduka muri politiki y'ibihugu bikomeye byoherezwa mu mahanga byagize ingaruka ku binyabiziga bishya by'ibinyabiziga byanjye byoherezwa mu mahanga.
Dukurikije amakuru avuye mu buyobozi bwa gasutamo, Burezili, Ububiligi, n'Ubwongereza byari byohereza ibicuruzwa bitatu byoherezwa mu mahanga mu gihugu cyanjye mu gice cya mbere cy'uyu mwaka. Byongeye kandi, ibihugu by'Uburayi nka Espagne n'Ubudage nabyo biri maso ku masoko y'ingenzi kubicuruzwa bishya byoherezwa mu mahanga. Umwaka ushize, igihugu cyanjye kugurisha ibinyabiziga bishya byoherejwe mu Burayi byabazwe hafi 40% yose. Ariko, uyu mwaka, kugurisha muri leta zumuryango wa EU muri leta muri rusange yerekanaga inzira yo hepfo, igwa nka 30%.
Ikintu cyingenzi gitera iki kibazo nikiperereza ryururimi rwa EU mubinyabiziga byanjye byatumijwe mu mahanga. Guhera ku ya 5 Nyakanga, EU izashyiraho ibiciro by'agateganyo ya 17.4% kugeza 37,6% ku binyabiziga by'amashanyarazi byatumijwe mu Bushinwa hashingiwe ku giciro cya 10%, hamwe nigihe cyamateka. Iyi politiki itebotse mu buryo butaziguye igabanuka rityaye mu bicuruzwa by'amashanyarazi by'amashanyarazi byoherejwe mu Burayi, na byo byagize ingaruka ku mikorere rusange yohereza ibicuruzwa muri rusange.
Gucomeka muri moteri nshya yo gukura
Nubwo imodoka zanjye zo mu gihugu cyanjye zimaze kugera ku mibare ibiri muri Aziya, muri Amerika yepfo na Amerika y'Amajyaruguru, muri Amerika yose yohereza ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi bitetse kubera kugabanuka kw'isoko ry'Uburayi n'inyanja.
Amakuru yerekana ko mugice cya mbere cya 2024, igihugu cyanjye cyoherezwa mu modoka zanjye z'amashanyarazi mu Burayi hari ibice 303.000, ku ntangiriro z'umwaka wa 16%; Ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga byari bigize ibice 43.000, ku rugero rw'umwaka ugabanuka 19%. Inzira yo hepfo muri aya masoko yombi akomeye akomeje kwaguka. Byatewe n'iki kibazo, igihugu cyanjye kitanze ibicuruzwa by'amashanyarazi cyagabanutseho amezi ane akurikiranye kuva muri Werurwe, akingira kuva muri 2,4% kugeza kuri 16.7%.
Muri rusange ibyoherezwa mu mahanga mu mezi arindwi byambere bikomeje kwiyongera kwimibare ibiri, ahanini biterwa n'imikorere ikomeye yo gucomeka (plug-muri hybrid) moderi. Muri Nyakanga, amajwi yoherezwa mu mahanga yayoboye imodoka ageze mu modoka 27.000, ukwezi ku mwaka 1.9; Ubunini bwoherewe hanze mu mezi arindwi ya mbere yari imodoka 154.000, mu gihe cyo kwiyongera k'umwaka 1.8.
Umubare wo gucomeka mu mvange mu byoherezwa mu mahanga mu mahanga byasimbutse kuva 8% umwaka ushize kugeza 22%, buhoro buhoro, umushoferi w'ingenzi mu binyabiziga ari byohereza ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga.
Gucomeka moderi ya Hybrid irerekana iterambere ryihuse mu turere twinshi. Mu gice cya mbere cy'umwaka, ibyoherezwa muri Aziya byari imodoka 36.000, mu gihe cyo kwiyongera k'umwaka 2.9; muri Amerika yepfo yari imodoka 69.000, kwiyongera inshuro 3.2; Muri Amerika ya Ruguru harimo imodoka 21.000, umwaka wo kwiyongera k'umwaka 11.6. Ubwiyongere bukomeye muri utwo tugero burahagarika ingaruka zo kugabanuka mu Burayi na Osentaia.
Iterambere ryo kugurisha ryicomeka ryigishinwa mu masoko menshi hirya no hino ku isi ifitanye isano rya bugufi n'imikorere yabo myiza y'ibiciro n'ibikorwa. Ugereranije nicyitegererezo cyamashanyarazi, icyuma cyijimye gifite ibiciro byo gukora ibinyabiziga, kandi nibyiza ko gushobora gukoresha amavuta n'amashanyarazi bibafasha gupfukirana ibinyabiziga byinshi.
Inganda muri rusange nizera ko ikoranabuhanga rya Hybrid rifite ibyiringiro byinshi ku isoko rishya ry'ingufu ku isi kandi rizakomeza kugendana n'ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi bikaba umugongo woherezwa mu mahanga mu Bushinwa.
Igihe cya nyuma: Aug-13-2024