Iriburiro: Ikigo Cyipimisha Ubukonje
Kuva i Harbin, umurwa mukuru uherereye mu majyaruguru y'Ubushinwa, kugera Heihe, intara ya Heilongjiang, hakurya y'uruzi ruva mu Burusiya, ubushyuhe bw'imbeho bukunze kugabanuka kugera kuri 30 ° C. Nubwo ikirere kimeze nabi, hagaragaye ikintu gitangaje: umubare munini waibinyabiziga bishya byingufu, harimo na moderi iheruka gukora cyane, ikururwa kuri iyi mbuga nini ya shelegi kugirango ikore ibizamini bikomeye. Iyi myumvire yerekana akamaro ko kwipimisha mukarere, nicyiciro cyingenzi kumodoka iyo ari yo yose mbere yuko ijya kumasoko.
Usibye isuzumabumenyi ry’umutekano mu gihe cy’ibicu n’urubura, ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu bigomba no gusuzumwa byimazeyo ubuzima bwa bateri, ubushobozi bwo kwishyuza, nuburyo bukonjesha.
Uruganda rukora ibizamini bya Heihe rukonje rwateye imbere hamwe n’ibikenerwa n’ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu, bihindura neza "umutungo w’ubukonje bukabije" mu karere uhinduka "inganda zitwara ibizamini". Raporo zaho zerekana ko umubare w’ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu n’ibinyabiziga bya peteroli byitabira gutwara ibizamini muri uyu mwaka ari bimwe, byerekana icyerekezo rusange cy’isoko ry’imodoka zitwara abagenzi. Biteganijwe ko igurishwa ry’imodoka zitwara abagenzi mu gihugu rizagera kuri miliyoni 22,6 mu 2024, muri zo imodoka gakondo zikomoka kuri peteroli zizaba zigera kuri miliyoni 11.55, naho imodoka nshya ziziyongera cyane zigere kuri miliyoni 11.05.
Udushya mu ikoranabuhanga mu mikorere ya bateri
Ikibazo nyamukuru gihura n’ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi ahantu hakonje bikomeje gukora imikorere ya bateri. Batteri gakondo ya lithium mubisanzwe igabanuka cyane mubikorwa byubushyuhe buke, biganisha ku mpungenge zurwego. Ariko, iterambere rya vuba mu ikoranabuhanga rya batiri ririmo gukemura ibyo bibazo imbonankubone. Itsinda ry’ubushakashatsi muri Shenzhen riherutse kugerageza bateri yabo nshya yatunganijwe muri Heihe, igera ku ntera ishimishije irenga 70% kuri -25 ° C. Iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga ntiritezimbere imikorere yimodoka gusa kubutaka bwakonje, ahubwo binateza imbere iterambere ryinganda zamashanyarazi.
Laboratoire ya Harbin Institute of Technology ibikoresho bishya n’ibikoresho biri ku isonga ryibi bishya. Abashakashatsi barimo gukora bateri zifite ibikoresho bya cathode hamwe na anode hamwe na electrolytite yubushyuhe bukabije, bigatuma bashobora gukora neza mubidukikije nka -40 ° C. Izi bateri zimaze amezi atandatu zoherejwe mubushakashatsi bwa siyanse ya Antaragitika, zigaragaza kwizerwa kwabo mubihe bikabije. Byongeye kandi, laboratoire imaze kugera ku ntambwe ikomeye, hamwe na batiri nshya yakozwe na batiri-ion ishobora gukora kuri -60 ° C, ifite ubushobozi bwo kuzenguruka inshuro 20.000 mu gihe ikomeza 86.7% y’ubushobozi bwayo. Ibi bivuze ko bateri ya terefone igendanwa ikozwe nubu buhanga irashobora kugumya kurenga 80% yubushobozi bwabo nubwo ikoreshwa buri munsi mugihe cyubukonje bukabije mumyaka 50.
Ibyiza bya bateri yimodoka nshya
Iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga rya batiri ritanga ibyiza byinshi bituma ibinyabiziga bishya byingufu bisimburana kumodoka gakondo. Ubwa mbere, bateri yimodoka nshya yingufu, cyane cyane bateri ya lithium-ion, ifite ingufu nyinshi, zibafasha kubika ingufu nyinshi muburyo bworoshye. Iyi mikorere ntabwo itezimbere gusa ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi, ahubwo inuzuza neza ibyifuzo byurugendo rwa buri munsi byabakoresha.
Byongeye kandi, tekinoroji ya batiri igezweho ishyigikira ubushobozi bwo kwishyuza byihuse, ituma abayikoresha bishyuza imodoka zabo vuba kandi neza, bityo bikagabanya igihe cyo gutinda. Ubuzima burebure bwa serivisi hamwe nibisabwa bike bya bateri yimodoka nshya yingufu birusheho kongera ubwitonzi, kuko bishobora gukomeza imikorere myiza nubwo nyuma yo kwishyurwa inshuro nyinshi no gusohora. Byongeye kandi, ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi bifite sisitemu yoroshye yingufu hamwe nigiciro gito cyo kubungabunga, bigatuma bahitamo ubukungu kubakoresha.
Ibidukikije nabyo ni ikintu cyingenzi mubyiza byimodoka nshya zingufu. Bitandukanye n’ibinyabiziga gakondo, bateri nshya yimodoka itanga ingufu zangiza imyanda. Hamwe niterambere rya tekinoroji yo gutunganya bateri, gutunganya no gukoresha bateri yakoreshejwe birashobora kugabanya cyane imyanda yumutungo no kugabanya umutwaro wibidukikije. Byongeye kandi, bateri zigezweho zifite sisitemu yo gucunga ubwenge ishobora kugenzura uko bateri ihagaze mugihe nyacyo, guhuza uburyo bwo kwishyuza no gusohora, kandi bikarinda umutekano no gukora neza.
Saba ubufatanye bwisi yose kugirango duteze imbere iterambere rirambye
Mu gihe isi ihanganye n’ibibazo by’ingutu nk’imihindagurikire y’ikirere no kwangirika kw’ibidukikije, iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga rishya ry’imodoka zitanga amahirwe meza ku bihugu byo gufatanya kubaka umuryango urambye. Ihuriro ryiza ry’ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa nk’izuba n’umuyaga hamwe na bateri nshya y’ibinyabiziga bitanga ingufu birashobora kurushaho guteza imbere ibisubizo by’icyatsi kibisi, kugabanya kwishingikiriza ku bicanwa by’ibinyabuzima, no gushyiraho ejo hazaza hasukuye kandi harambye.
Muri make, imikorere idasanzwe yimodoka nshya zingufu mugihe cyubukonje bukabije, hamwe niterambere ryateye imbere muburyo bwa tekinoroji ya batiri, byerekana ubushobozi bwimodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi kugirango zihindure inganda zitwara ibinyabiziga. Mu gihe ibihugu byo ku isi biharanira kugera ku majyambere arambye, umuhamagaro w’ibikorwa urasobanutse: kwakira udushya, gushora imari mu bushakashatsi, no gukorera hamwe kugira ngo isi ibe nziza kandi irambye ku gisekuru kizaza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-13-2025