“Ikirometero kimwe ku isegonda hamwe no gutwara ibirometero 200 nyuma y'iminota 5 yo kwishyuza.” Ku ya 27 Gashyantare, mu nama ya 2024 y’abafatanyabikorwa ba Huawei mu Bushinwa, abafatanyabikorwa ba Huawei Digital Energy Technology Co., Ltd. lisansi yo kwishyuza inararibonye. ” Nk’uko gahunda ibigaragaza, Huawei Digital Energy izubaka ibirundo birenga 100.000 bya Huawei byuzuye amazi akonjesha mu mijyi irenga 340 n’imihanda minini mu gihugu hose mu 2024 kugira ngo habeho “umuyoboro umwe w’imijyi”, “umuyoboro umwe w’umuvuduko mwinshi” kandi “Umuyoboro umwe”. Umuyoboro wo kwishyuza “Inshuti”. Mubyukuri, Huawei yasohoye ibicuruzwa byongeweho ibicuruzwa bikonje cyane bikonje cyane guhera mu Kwakira umwaka ushize, kandi ikaba yarangije gutunganya ibibanza byinshi byerekanwe kugeza ubu.
Ku bw'amahirwe, NIO yatangaje ku mugaragaro mu mpera z'umwaka ushize ko yasohoye ikirundo gishya cya 640kW cyuzuye amazi akonje cyane ultra-yihuta yo kwishyuza. Ikirundo cya ultra-yihuta cyo kwishyiriraho gifite imbunda ikonjesha ikonje ifite uburemere bwa kilo 2,4 gusa ikazatangizwa kumugaragaro bitarenze Mata uyu mwaka. Kugeza ubu, abantu benshi bise 2024 umwaka wo guturika kwa supercharger zikonje cyane. Kubijyanye niki kintu gishya, ngira ngo buriwese aracyafite ibibazo byinshi: Mubyukuri birenze urugero gukonjesha gukonjesha? Ni izihe nyungu zidasanzwe? Gukonjesha amazi bizahinduka inzira nyamukuru yiterambere ryikirenga mugihe kizaza?
01
Kurushaho gukora neza kandi byihuse
”Kugeza ubu, nta bisobanuro bihuriweho bihuriweho byitwa supercharger yuzuye amazi akonje.” Wei Dong, injeniyeri muri Laboratwari y’ikoranabuhanga ya Microelectronics ya kaminuza y’ikoranabuhanga ya Xi'an, yabwiye umunyamakuru w’Ubushinwa Automotive News. Mu magambo y’abalayiki, supercharger yuzuye ikonje yuzuye Amashanyarazi ni tekinoroji ikoresha umuvuduko wamazi kugirango ikureho vuba ubushyuhe butangwa mugihe cyo kwishyuza ibice byingenzi nko kwishyuza modul, insinga, no kwishyuza imitwe yimbunda. Ikoresha pompe yabugenewe kugirango itwarwe na coolant, bityo igabanye ubushyuhe kandi itume ibikoresho byo kwishyuza bikomeza gukora neza. Imashini ikonjesha yuzuye ikirundo kirenze urugero ntabwo ari amazi asanzwe, ariko ahanini irimo Ethylene glycol, amazi, inyongeramusaruro nibindi bintu. Kubijyanye nigipimo, ni ibanga rya tekinike ya buri sosiyete. Coolant ntishobora gusa kunoza ituze no gukonjesha amazi, ariko kandi irashobora kugabanya kwangirika no kwangiza ibikoresho. Ugomba kumenya ko uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe bugira ingaruka cyane kumikorere yibikoresho byo kwishyuza. Ukurikije imibare ihanitse, gutakaza ubushyuhe bwubu muri rusange imbaraga nyinshi DC zifite ibirundo byihuse ni 5%. Hatabayeho gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe bwiza, ntabwo bizihutisha gusaza kwibikoresho gusa, ahubwo bizanatera umuvuduko mwinshi wibikoresho byo kwishyuza.
Nuburyo bushyigikiwe nubuhanga bwuzuye bwo gukonjesha ubushyuhe bwo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe ni bwo imbaraga zamazi yo gukonjesha yuzuye yuzuye ikarishye iruta kure iy'ibirundo bisanzwe byihuta. Kurugero, ikirundo cyamazi ya Huawei ikonjesha ikarishye ifite ingufu ntarengwa ya 600kW, ituma abayikoresha bishimira uburambe bwihuse bw "igikombe cyikawa kandi byuzuye." "Nubwo ubu n'imbaraga za supercharger zikonjesha zuzuye zuzuye muri iki gihe zitandukanye, zose zirakomeye kuruta amashanyarazi asanzwe yihuta na supercharger." Zeng Xin, umwarimu muri kaminuza y’ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga Beijing, yatangarije umunyamakuru ukomoka mu Bushinwa News Automotive News, Kugeza ubu, ingufu z’ibirundo bisanzwe byishyurwa byihuta muri rusange ni 120kW, naho ibirundo bisanzwe birenze urugero ni 300kW. Imbaraga zuzuye zuzuye zuzuye zirenga ziva muri Huawei na NIO zirashobora kugera kuri 600kW. Byongeye kandi, ikirundo cya Huawei cyuzuye gikonjesha cyuzuye ikirundo nacyo gifite ubwenge bwo kumenya no guhindura imikorere. Irashobora guhita ihindura imbaraga zisohoka hamwe nubu ukurikije igipimo cyibisabwa byapaki ya bateri yuburyo butandukanye, ikagera ku ntsinzi imwe yo kwishyurwa igera kuri 99%.
”Gushyushya ibirundo byongerewe amazi byuzuye bikonje na byo byatumye iterambere ry’inganda zose.” Nk’uko byatangajwe na Hu Fenglin, umushakashatsi mu kigo cy’ikoranabuhanga gishya cyo guhanga udushya mu kigo cya Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, ngo ibice bisabwa kugira ngo ibirundo bikonjesha bikonje cyane birashobora kugabanywa mu bikoresho by’ibikoresho birenze urugero, ibikoresho rusange byubatswe, n’umuriro mwinshi cyane. ibikoresho nibindi bikoresho, harimo ibice byubwenge byubwenge, chip karbide ya silicon, pompe yamashanyarazi, coolant, hamwe na moderi ikonjeshejwe byuzuye, imbunda zuzuye zuzuye zishishwa hamwe no kwishyuza Benshi muribo bafite ibyo basabwa gukora kandi nibiciro birenze ibyo byakoreshejwe mubirundo bisanzwe.
02
Nshuti gukoresha, ubuzima burebure
Ugereranije nibirundo bisanzwe byo kwishyiriraho hamwe nibisanzwe byihuta / super charging pile, byuzuye-amazi-akonje cyane yamashanyarazi ntabwo yishyuza vuba gusa, ariko kandi afite ibyiza byinshi. "Imbunda yo kwishyuza ya supercharger ikonjesha yuzuye ya Huawei iroroshye cyane, ndetse na ba nyir'imodoka b'abagore bafite imbaraga nke barashobora kuyikoresha mu buryo bworoshye, bitandukanye n'imbunda zabanje kwishyuza zari nyinshi." Zhou Xiang, nyiri imodoka y'amashanyarazi muri Chongqing, yavuze.
"Gukoresha uruhererekane rw'ikoranabuhanga rishya, ibikoresho bishya, hamwe n'ibitekerezo bishya bitanga ibirundo bikonjesha bikonje cyane birenze urugero ibirundo bisanzwe byo kwishyiriraho bidashobora guhura kera." Hu Fenglin yavuze ko kubirundo byuzuye byamazi arenze urugero, amashanyarazi nimbaraga nini cyane bisobanura kwishyurwa byihuse. Mubisanzwe, gushyushya umugozi wamashanyarazi bigereranwa na kare ya none. Nini nini yo kwishyuza, niko gushyushya insinga. Kugirango ugabanye ubushyuhe butangwa na kabili kandi wirinde gushyuha cyane, agace kambukiranya insinga kagomba kongerwa, bivuze ko imbunda yo kwishyuza hamwe ninsinga zishakisha biremereye. Amashanyarazi yuzuye akonje cyane akemura ikibazo cyo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe kandi akoresha insinga zifite uduce duto duto twambukiranya ibice kugirango harebwe imiyoboro minini. Kubwibyo, insinga zamazi yuzuye akonje yuzuye ikirundo cyoroshye kandi cyoroshye kuruta icy'ibirundo bisanzwe, kandi imbunda zo kwishyuza nazo ziroroshye. Kurugero, imbunda yo kwishyiriraho NIO yuzuye ikonje ikonje cyane ikirundo kirenze ibiro 2.4 gusa, ikaba yoroshye cyane kuruta ibirundo bisanzwe. Ikirundo kiroroshye cyane kandi kizana uburambe bwabakoresha, cyane cyane kubafite imodoka zabakobwa, byoroshye gukoresha.
”Akarusho k'ibirundo by'amazi arenze urugero bikonje ni uko bifite umutekano.” Wei Dong yavuze ko mu bihe byashize, ibirundo byinshi byakoreshwaga byakoreshaga ubukonje karemano, gukonjesha ikirere n'ubundi buryo, byasabaga umwobo uhumeka mu bice bifitanye isano n'ikirundo cy'umuriro, byanze bikunze bivamo umwuka uvanze n'umukungugu, ndetse n'ibice byiza by'icyuma, gutera umunyu imyuka y'amazi yinjira imbere mu kirundo cy'umuriro kandi igashyirwa hejuru hejuru y'ibice by'amashanyarazi, biganisha ku bibazo nko kugabanya imikorere ya sisitemu yo kugabanuka, kugabanuka k'ubushyuhe, kugabanuka neza, no kugabanya igihe cy'ibikoresho. Ibinyuranyo, uburyo bwuzuye bwo gukonjesha burashobora kugera kubwuzuye, guteza imbere ubwishingizi numutekano, kandi bigafasha ikirundo cyumuriro kugera kurwego rwo hejuru rwumukungugu wumukungugu ndetse n’amazi adakoresha amazi hafi y’amashanyarazi mpuzamahanga IP65, kandi yizewe cyane. Byongeye kandi, nyuma yo kureka igishushanyo mbonera gikonjesha ikirere gikonje, urusaku rukora rwikirundo rwamazi rwuzuye rwuzuye rwinshi rwaragabanutse cyane, kuva kuri décibel 70 kumurongo wikonjesha ikirere ukagera kuri décibel 30, hafi yo kwongorera , kwirinda gukenera kwishyurwa byihuse ahantu hatuwe kera. Habayeho ikibazo giteye isoni cyo kwitotomba kubera urusaku rwinshi nijoro.
Amafaranga yo gukora make hamwe nigihe gito cyo kugaruza ibiciro nabyo ni kimwe mubyiza byo gukonjesha byuzuye-ibirundo byuzuye. Zeng Xin yavuze ko ibirundo gakondo bikonjesha ikirere bikonjesha ubusanzwe bifite igihe kitarenze imyaka 5, ariko igihe cyo gukodesha ibikorwa bya sitasiyo yo kwishyiriraho ni imyaka 8 kugeza ku myaka 10, bivuze ko byibuze hasabwa gushora imari mugihe cyibikorwa ya sitasiyo. Simbuza igikoresho cyibanze cyo kwishyuza. Ubuzima bwa serivisi bwuzuye bwuzuye-bukonje bwuzuye ibirundo mubusanzwe burenze imyaka 10. Kurugero, ubuzima bwashushanyijeho Huawei yuzuye-ikonjesha ikonje cyane ikarishye ni hejuru yimyaka 15, ishobora gukwirakwiza ubuzima bwose bwa sitasiyo. Byongeye kandi, ugereranije no kwishyiriraho ibirundo ukoresheje moderi ikonjesha ikirere bisaba gufungura kenshi akabati kugirango ikureho umukungugu no kuyitunganya, ibirundo byo gukonjesha byuzuye bikonje gusa bigomba guhanagurwa nyuma yumukungugu wuzuye mumirasire yo hanze, bigatuma kubungabunga byoroshye.
Ufatiye hamwe, ubuzima bwuzuye bwikiguzi cya supercharger yuzuye ikonje yuzuye ni munsi yibikoresho bisanzwe bikonjesha ikirere. Hamwe no gusaba no kuzamura ibicuruzwa byuzuye-bikonje cyane-byuzuye ibirundo, ibyiza byayo byuzuye-bizagenda bigaragara cyane.
03
Isoko rifite ibyiringiro byiza kandi irushanwa rirashyuha
Mubyukuri, hamwe n’ubwiyongere bukabije bw’imodoka z’ingufu nshya ndetse n’iterambere ryihuse ry’ibikorwa remezo nko kwishyiriraho ibirundo, ibirundo bikonjesha bikonje byuzuye byuzuye byibanze mu guhatanira inganda. Ibigo byinshi byimodoka zingufu, kwishyuza ibigo byikirundo, amasosiyete yikoranabuhanga, nibindi byatangiye ubushakashatsi bwikoranabuhanga hamwe niterambere hamwe nimiterere yibirundo byamazi bikonje byuzuye.
Tesla nisosiyete yambere yimodoka mu nganda yohereje ibirundo bikonjesha bikonjesha mu byiciro. Ibirundo byayo V3 birenze urugero bifata igishushanyo mbonera gikonjesha cyuzuye, moderi yo gukonjesha ikonjesha hamwe nimbunda ikonjesha. Imbaraga ntarengwa zo kwishyuza imbunda imwe ni 250kW. Bivugwa ko Tesla yagiye yohereza buhoro buhoro sitasiyo nshya ya V4 yuzuye ikonjesha ikonje cyane ku isi kuva umwaka ushize. Sitasiyo ya mbere ya V4 yo muri Aziya yatangijwe i Hong Kong, mu Bushinwa, mu Kwakira umwaka ushize, kandi vuba izinjira ku isoko ry’umugabane. Biravugwa ko imbaraga ntarengwa zo kwishyiriraho iki kirundo cyo kwishyuza ari 615kW, ibyo bikaba bihwanye n’imikorere ya Huawei na NIO yuzuye ikonje ikonje cyane. Birasa nkaho amarushanwa yisoko kumashanyarazi yuzuye akonje yuzuye ibirundo byatangiye bucece.
"Muri rusange, amashanyarazi akonje yuzuye akonje afite ubushobozi bwo kwishyuza imbaraga nyinshi, kandi uburyo bwo kwishyuza bwarazamutse cyane, ibyo bikaba bishobora kugabanya neza impungenge z’abakoresha." Mu kiganiro n’umunyamakuru ukomoka mu Bushinwa News Automotive News, yavuze ariko ko kuri ubu, amashanyarazi arenze urugero akonjesha cyane Amashanyarazi arenze urugero mu buryo bwo gusaba, bigatuma ibiciro byiyongera. Byongeye kandi, kubera ko kwishyuza ingufu nyinshi bisaba kunoza imicungire yumutekano wa batiri no kongera ingufu za voltage yimodoka, igiciro nacyo kiziyongera 15% kugeza kuri 20%. Muri rusange, iterambere ryikoranabuhanga rikoresha ingufu nyinshi risaba gutekereza cyane kubintu nko gucunga umutekano wibinyabiziga, kugenzura byigenga ibikoresho byumuvuduko mwinshi, nigiciro. Iyi ni intambwe ku yindi.
”Igiciro kinini cy’ibirundo bikonjesha bikonje cyane ni imwe mu mbogamizi zifatika zibangamira iterambere ryayo rinini.” Hu Fenglin yavuze ko igiciro kiriho buri kirundo kirenga Huawei kirenga 600.000. Kuri iki cyiciro, imishinga mito n'iciriritse muri rusange ikora ubucuruzi bwo kwishyuza Biragoye guhatana. Nyamara, mubyerekezo birebire byiterambere, hamwe no kwagura porogaramu no kugabanya ibiciro, ibyiza byinshi byamazi yuzuye-akonje yuzuye ibirundo bizagenda bigaragara buhoro buhoro. Icyifuzo gikomeye cyabakoresha nisoko ryumutekano, umuvuduko mwinshi kandi wihuse bizana umwanya mugari wo guteza imbere ibirundo byamazi bikonje byuzuye.
Raporo y’ubushakashatsi iherutse gushyirwa ahagaragara na CICC yerekanye ko kwishyuza ibicuruzwa bikonje bikabije bitera kuzamura urwego rw’inganda, kandi biteganijwe ko ingano y’isoko ry’imbere mu gihugu igera kuri miliyari 9 z'amadorari mu 2026. Iyobowe n’amasosiyete y’imodoka, amasosiyete y’ingufu, n’ibindi, ni mu ikubitiro byari byitezwe ko umubare w’amashanyarazi akonjesha mu gihugu azagera kuri 45.000 muri 2026.
Zeng Xin yagaragaje kandi ko mu 2021, ku isoko ry’imbere hazaba imideli itageze ku 10 ishyigikira amafaranga arenze urugero; muri 2023, hazaba hari moderi zirenga 140 zishyigikira amafaranga arenze, kandi hazaba menshi mugihe kizaza. Ntabwo aribyo byerekana gusa umuvuduko wihuse wimirimo yabantu nubuzima bwabo mukuzuza ingufu kubinyabiziga bishya byingufu, ahubwo binagaragaza iterambere ryiterambere ryibisabwa ku isoko. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ibyerekezo byiterambere byamazi akonje-yuzuye-ibirundo birenze urugero.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-15-2024