Nkaibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi (EV)isoko rikomeje gutera imbere, lguhindagurika kwa arge kubiciro bya batiri byateje impungenge mubaguzi kubyerekeye ejo hazaza h'ibiciro bya EV.
Guhera mu ntangiriro za 2022, inganda zabonye izamuka ry’ibiciro bitewe n’izamuka ry’ibiciro bya karubone ya lithium na hydroxide ya lithium, ibintu byingenzi mu gukora bateri. Icyakora, kubera ko ibiciro fatizo byagabanutse nyuma, isoko ryinjiye mu cyiciro cyo guhangana cyane, bakunze kwita “intambara y’ibiciro.” Ihindagurika rifite abaguzi bibaza niba ibiciro biriho byerekana hepfo cyangwa niba bizagabanuka.
Goldman Sachs, banki ishoramari ku isi yose, yasesenguye ibiciro bya bateri zikoresha amashanyarazi.
Nk’uko babiteganya, impuzandengo ya bateri y’amashanyarazi yavuye ku madolari 153 ku isaha ya kilowatt mu 2022 igera kuri $ 149 / kWt mu 2023, bikaba biteganijwe ko izamanuka ikagera kuri $ 111 / kWt mu mpera za 2024. Mu 2026, ibiciro bya batiri ni biteganijwe ko uzagabanuka hafi kimwe cya kabiri kugeza $ 80 / kWt.
Ndetse nta nkunga ihari, igabanuka rikabije ryibiciro bya batiri biteganijwe ko bizatuma igiciro cyo gutunga ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi byera bihwanye n’ibinyabiziga bya lisansi gakondo.
Ingaruka zo kugabanuka kw'ibiciro bya batiri ntabwo zireba gusa ibyemezo byabaguzi, ariko kandi bifite akamaro kanini mubijyanye n’imodoka nshya z’ubucuruzi zikora ingufu.
Batteri yingufu zingana na 40% yikiguzi cyose cyimodoka nshya yubucuruzi. Kugabanuka kw'ibiciro bya batiri bizamura imikorere yubukungu muri rusange, cyane cyane ikiguzi cyo gukora. Ibiciro byo gukoresha ibinyabiziga bishya byubucuruzi byingufu bimaze kuba bike ugereranije nibinyabiziga gakondo. Mugihe ibiciro bya batiri bikomeje kugabanuka, ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga no gusimbuza bateri nacyo giteganijwe kugabanuka, bikagabanya impungenge abantu bamaze igihe kinini kijyanye nigiciro kinini cy "amashanyarazi atatu" (bateri, moteri, hamwe nubugenzuzi bwa elegitoronike).
Ihinduka ryimiterere rishobora kuzamura imikorere yubukungu bwimodoka nshya yubucuruzi bwingufu mubuzima bwabo bwose, bigatuma barushaho gukurura abakoresha bafite ibyo bakeneye cyane, nkibigo bikoresha ibikoresho ndetse nabashoferi kugiti cyabo.
Mugihe ibiciro bya batiri bikomeje kugabanuka, kugura no gukoresha ibiciro byimodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu zizagabanuka, bityo bizamura umusaruro-mwiza. Iri hinduka riteganijwe gukurura amasosiyete menshi y’ibikoresho ndetse n’abashoferi ku giti cyabo bashishikajwe no gukoresha ibinyabiziga bishya bikoresha ingufu, kuzamura isoko no kuzamura umuvuduko mu nganda.
Byongeye kandi, kugabanuka kw'ibiciro bya batiri byitezwe gutuma abakora amamodoka n’ibigo bifitanye isano bitondera kurushaho kunoza serivisi z’ingwate nyuma yo kugurisha.
Kunoza politiki y’ubwishingizi bwa batiri no kunoza sisitemu ya serivisi nyuma yo kugurisha biteganijwe ko bizamura abaguzi icyizere cyo kugura ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu. Mugihe abantu benshi binjiye kumasoko, uruzinduko rwibi binyabiziga ruziyongera, bikarushaho guteza imbere ibikorwa byisoko nubwisanzure.
Usibye ingaruka zigiciro hamwe nisoko ryisoko, igabanuka ryibiciro bya batiri rishobora no gutuma moderi yagutse ikundwa cyane. Kugeza ubu, amakamyo yoroheje yagutse afite bateri 100kWh aragaragara ku isoko. Inzobere mu nganda zivuga ko izo moderi zumva cyane cyane igabanuka ry’ibiciro bya batiri kandi ko ari igisubizo cyuzuzanya ku makamyo yoroheje y’amashanyarazi. Moderi nziza yamashanyarazi irahenze cyane, mugihe amakamyo manini yagutse afite intera ndende kandi akwiranye nubwikorezi butandukanye nko gukwirakwiza imijyi hamwe n’ibikoresho byambukiranya umujyi.
Ubushobozi bwamakamyo manini-manini-y-amakamyo yoroheje-yoroheje kugirango akemure ibikenerwa mu bihe bitandukanye byo gutwara abantu, hamwe no kugabanuka kugabanuka kw’ibiciro bya batiri, byabahaye umwanya mwiza ku isoko. Mugihe abaguzi bagenda bashakisha ibisubizo byinshi bihuza ibiciro nibikorwa, umugabane wisoko ryamakamyo yagutse yamakamyo yoroheje ateganijwe kwiyongera, bikarushaho guteza imbere ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi.
Muri make, isoko ryimodoka yamashanyarazi iri mubyiciro bihinduka hamwe no kugabanuka kwibiciro bya batiri no guhindura ibyo abaguzi bakunda.
Mugihe ibiciro bya bateri byamashanyarazi bikomeje kugabanuka, ubukungu bwimodoka nshya yubucuruzi bwingufu zizatera imbere, bikurura abakoresha benshi kandi bizamura isoko.
Ubwiyongere buteganijwe bwikigereranyo cyagutse buragaragaza kandi guhuza n’inganda zikoresha amashanyarazi mu gukemura ibibazo bitandukanye byo gutwara abantu. Inganda zigenda zitera imbere, gushyiraho uburyo bunoze bwo gusuzuma no kugurisha nyuma ya serivise ni ngombwa kugirango igabanye ibicuruzwa n’ingaruka, amaherezo bizamura umuvuduko w’ibinyabiziga bishya bikoresha ingufu. Ejo hazaza h’ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi biratanga ikizere, kandi ubukungu nubushobozi nibyo biza imbere yiri soko rifite imbaraga.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-10-2024