Kugirango tugere kuri gahunda yo guhagarika kugurisha ibinyabiziga bya lisansi bitarenze 2035, ibihugu byu Burayi bitanga uburyo bwo gutwara ibinyabiziga bishya byingufu mubyerekezo bibiri: kuruhande rumwe, gutanga imisoro cyangwa gusonerwa imisoro, kurundi ruhande, inkunga cyangwa inkunga yo gutera inkunga ibikoresho kuri iherezo ryo kugura cyangwa mugukoresha imodoka. Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’i Burayi, nk’umuryango w’ibanze w’ubukungu bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, washyizeho politiki yo kuyobora iterambere ry’imodoka nshya z’ingufu muri buri bihugu 27 bigize uyu muryango. Otirishiya, Kupuro, Ubufaransa, Ubugereki, Ubutaliyani n'ibindi bihugu mu buryo butaziguye mu kugura umurongo wo gutanga inkunga y'amafaranga, Ububiligi, Buligariya, Danemarke, Finlande, Lativiya, Slowakiya, Suwede, ibihugu birindwi ntabwo bitanga kugura no gukoresha inkunga, ariko gutanga imisoro imwe.
Ibikurikira ni politiki ijyanye na buri gihugu:
Otirishiya
1.Imodoka zeru zangiza imyuka yorohereza umusoro ku nyongeragaciro, ubarwa ukurikije igiciro cyose cy’imodoka (harimo 20% TVA n’umusoro w’umwanda):, 000 40.000 byama euro yose yakuweho umusoro ku nyongeragaciro; igiciro cyose cyo kugura kingana na 40.000-80,000 euro, 40.000 euro yambere nta TVA; > 80.000 euro, ntukishimira ibyiza byo kugabanyirizwa umusoro ku nyongeragaciro.
2. Imodoka zangiza-zeru zikoreshwa ku giti cyawe zisonewe umusoro nyirubwite n'umusoro wanduye.
3. Gukoresha hamwe n’imodoka zangiza-zeru zisonewe umusoro nyirubwite n’umusoro w’umwanda kandi ufite igiciro cya 10%; abakozi b'ibigo bakoresha imodoka zeru-zangiza zisonewe umusoro.
4. Mu mpera za 2023, abakoresha kugiti cyabo bagura urwego rwamashanyarazi rutunganijwe ≥ 60km nigiciro cyose ≤ 60.000 byama euro barashobora kubona amayero 3.000 yama moderi yingufu zamashanyarazi cyangwa lisansi, hamwe na 1,250 yama euro yo gushiramo imashini cyangwa imashini yagutse.
5. Abakoresha bagura mbere yimpera za 2023 barashobora kwishimira ibikoresho byibanze bikurikira: amayero 600 yinsinga zipakurura ubwenge, ama euro 600 yububiko bwishyiriraho urukuta (inzu imwe / ebyiri), ama euro 900 yububiko bwishyiriraho urukuta (ahantu hatuwe) ), hamwe na 1.800 yama euro yometse kurukuta rwubatswe (ibikoresho byahujwe bikoreshwa nko gucunga imitwaro mumazu yuzuye). Bitatu byanyuma biterwa ahanini nibidukikije.
Ububiligi
1. Imodoka zitanga amashanyarazi meza na lisansi zifite igipimo gito cyo gusoresha (EUR 61.50) i Buruseli na Walloniya, kandi ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi bisonewe imisoro muri Flanders.
2. Umuntu ku giti cye ukoresha ibinyabiziga bitwara amashanyarazi n’ibikomoka kuri peteroli i Buruseli na Walloniya yishimira umusoro muke w’amayero 85.27 ku mwaka, Walloniya ntabwo yishyura imisoro ku kugura amamodoka abiri yavuzwe haruguru, kandi umusoro ku mashanyarazi wagabanutse kuva kuri 21 ku ijana kugeza kuri 6 ku ijana.
3. Abaguzi b'amasosiyete muri Flanders na Walloniya nabo bemerewe gutanga imisoro y'i Buruseli ku modoka zikoresha amashanyarazi na lisansi gusa.
4. Ku baguzi b’ibigo, urwego rwo hejuru rwubutabazi rushyirwa mubikorwa bifite imyuka ihumanya ikirere CO2 g 50g kuri kilometero nimbaraga ≥ 50Wh / kg mubihe bya NEDC.
Bulugariya
1. Ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi gusa nta musoro
Korowasiya
1. Imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi ntizisoreshwa umusoro ku byaguzwe n’imisoro idasanzwe y’ibidukikije.
2. Kugura inkunga yimodoka nziza yamashanyarazi 9.291 euro, plug-in hybrid moderi 9,309 euro, amahirwe yo gusaba rimwe gusa kumwaka, buri modoka igomba gukoreshwa mumyaka irenga ibiri.
Kupuro
1. Gukoresha kugiti cyawe imodoka zifite imyuka ya CO2 iri munsi ya 120g kuri kilometero isonewe umusoro.
2. Gusimbuza imodoka zifite imyuka ihumanya ikirere ya CO2 iri munsi ya 50g kuri kilometero kandi igatwara amafaranga atarenga 80.000 € irashobora guterwa inkunga ingana na € 12,000, kugeza ku € 19,000 kumodoka zifite amashanyarazi gusa, kandi inkunga ya € 1.000 nayo iraboneka mugukuraho imodoka zishaje .
Repubulika ya Ceki
1. Ibinyabiziga bifite amashanyarazi meza cyangwa ibinyabiziga bitwara lisansi bisohora munsi ya 50g ya dioxyde de carbone kuri kilometero birasonerwa amafaranga yo kwiyandikisha kandi bifite ibyapa byihariye bifatanye.
2.Abakoresha kugiti cyabo: ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi meza na moderi ya Hybrid basonewe umusoro wumuhanda; ibinyabiziga bifite imyuka ya CO2 iri munsi ya 50g kuri kilometero bisonewe imisoro; kandi igihe cyo guta agaciro ibikoresho byo kwishyuza ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi bigabanywa kuva kumyaka 10 kugeza kumyaka 5.
3. Kugabanya imisoro 0.5-1% kuri moderi ya BEV na PHEV kugirango ikoreshwe kugiti cyawe, no kugabanya imisoro kumuhanda kubintu bimwe na bimwe byo gusimbuza ibinyabiziga.
Danemark
1.Imodoka zangiza-zeru zitangirwa umusoro wo kwiyandikisha 40%, ukuyemo umusoro wa DKK 165.000, na DKK 900 kuri kilowati yubushobozi bwa batiri (kugeza 45kWh).
2. Ibinyabiziga bisohora imyuka mike (ibyuka bihumanya<50g co2km) are subject to a 55 per cent registration tax, less dkk 47,500 and 900 kwh of battery capacity (up maximum 45kwh).
3. Abakoresha ku giti cyabo bakoresha imodoka zeru-zero hamwe n’imodoka zifite imyuka ya CO2 igera kuri 58g CO2 / km bungukirwa n’umusoro muto w’umwaka wa DKK 370.
Finlande
1. Guhera ku ya 1 Ukwakira 2021, imodoka zitwara abagenzi zeru-zeru zisonewe umusoro wo kwiyandikisha.
2.Imodoka zishyirahamwe zisonewe imisoro yama euro 170 buri kwezi kubintu bya BEV kuva 2021 kugeza 2025, kandi kwishyuza ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi kumurimo bisonewe umusoro ku nyungu.
Ubufaransa
1.Ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi, imvange, CNG, LPG na E85 bisonewe imisoro yose cyangwa 50 ku ijana by'imisoro, kandi moderi ifite amashanyarazi meza, selile ya lisansi hamwe na plug-in ya Hybride (ifite intera ya kilometero 50 cyangwa irenga) irasoreshwa cyane- yagabanutse.
2.Imodoka zitanga imishinga zisohora munsi ya 60g ya dioxyde de carbone kuri kilometero (usibye ibinyabiziga bya mazutu) isonewe umusoro wa karuboni.
3. Kugura ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi byuzuye cyangwa ibinyabiziga bitwara lisansi, niba imodoka igurisha igiciro kitarenze amayero 47.000, umuryango wumukoresha wumuryango kugiti cyama euro 5.000, abakoresha ibigo inkunga yama euro 3.000, niba ari umusimbura, birashobora gushingira kuri agaciro k'inkunga y'imodoka, agera ku 6.000 by'amayero.
Ubudage
1.Ibinyabiziga bifite amashanyarazi meza hamwe n’ibinyabiziga bitanga ingufu za hydrogène byanditswe mbere yitariki ya 31 Ukuboza 2025 bizahabwa imisoro yimyaka 10 kugeza 31 Ukuboza 2030.
2.Ibinyabiziga bisonewe bifite imyuka ya CO2 ≤95g / km uvuye kumisoro yumwaka.
3.Gabanya umusoro ku nyungu za moderi ya BEV na PHEV.
4.Ku gice cyo kugura, ibinyabiziga bishya bigurwa munsi yama Euro 40.000 (harimo) bizahabwa inkunga yama Euro 6.750, naho ibinyabiziga bishya bigurwa hagati yama pound 40.000 na 65.000 € (harimo) bizahabwa inkunga ingana na 4500 €, bizaboneka gusa abaguzi ku giti cyabo guhera ku ya 1 Nzeri 2023, kandi guhera ku ya 1 Mutarama 2024, imenyekanisha rizaba rikomeye.
Ubugereki
1. Kugabanya 75% umusoro wo kwiyandikisha kuri PHEVs hamwe na CO2 zangiza kugeza kuri 50g / km; Kugabanuka 50% kumisoro yo kwiyandikisha kuri HEV na PHEVs hamwe na CO2 zangiza ≥ 50g / km.
2. Moderi ya HEV ifite iyimurwa 491549cc yanditswe mbere yitariki ya 31 Ukwakira 2010 isonewe umusoro w’izunguruka, mu gihe HEV zifite abimuka ≥1550cc zitangirwa umusoro w’ibicuruzwa 60%; imodoka zifite imyuka ya CO2 ≤ 90g / km (NEDC) cyangwa 122g / km (WLTP) zisonewe umusoro ku bicuruzwa.
3. Moderi ya BEV na PHEV hamwe n’ibyuka bya CO2 ≤ 50g / km (NEDC cyangwa WLTP) hamwe n’igiciro cyo kugurisha net ≤ 40.000 byama euro basonewe umusoro w’ibanze.
4.Kugura ihuriro, ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi byera bishimira 30% byigiciro cyo kugurisha neti yo kugabanyirizwa amafaranga, imipaka yo hejuru ni 8000 euro, niba iherezo ryubuzima bwimyaka irenga 10, cyangwa imyaka yimyaka umuguzi arengeje imyaka 29, ugomba kwishyura andi 1.000 yama euro; tagisi yamashanyarazi yuzuye yishimira 40% yikiguzi cyo kugurisha kugiciro cyamafaranga yagabanijwe, ntarengwa yo hejuru yama euro 17.500, gukuraho tagisi ishaje igomba kwishyura andi 5,000 yama euro.
Hongiriya
1. BEV na PHEV bemerewe gusonerwa imisoro.
2. Kuva ku ya 15 Kamena 2020, igiciro rusange cy’amayero 32.000 y’ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi inkunga y'amayero 7.350, kugurisha igiciro kiri hagati ya 32.000 na 44.000 by'amayero y'amayero 1.500.
Irilande
1. Kugabanuka kwama euro 5.000 kubinyabiziga byamashanyarazi bifite igiciro cyo kugurisha bitarenze 40.000 byama euro, hejuru yama euro 50.000 ntabwo afite uburenganzira bwo kugabanya politiki yo kugabanya.
2. Nta musoro wa NOx usoreshwa ku binyabiziga by'amashanyarazi.
3.Ku bakoresha ku giti cyabo, igipimo ntarengwa cy’ibinyabiziga bifite amashanyarazi meza (amayero 120 ku mwaka), imyuka ya CO2 ≤ 50g / km ya PHEV, gabanya igipimo (amayero 140 ku mwaka).
Ubutaliyani
1. Kubakoresha kugiti cyabo, ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi bisonewe umusoro mugihe cyimyaka 5 uhereye igihe byatangiriye gukoreshwa bwa mbere, kandi nyuma yiki gihe kirangiye, 25% yumusoro kumodoka zingana na peteroli zirakoreshwa; Moderi ya HEV itangirwa igipimo ntarengwa cy'umusoro (€ 2.58 / kW).
2.Ku gice cyo kugura, moderi ya BEV na PHEV ifite igiciro cya 35.000 byama euro (harimo TVA) hamwe n’ibyuka bya CO2 ≤20g / km byatewe inkunga yama euro 3.000; Moderi ya BEV na PHEV ifite igiciro cyama pound 45,000 (harimo TVA) hamwe na CO2 yangiza hagati ya 21 na 60g / km iterwa inkunga nama euro 2000;
3. Abakiriya baho bahabwa 80% kugabanyirizwa igiciro cyo kugura no kwishyiriraho ibikorwa remezo biteganijwe kwishyuza ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi, kugeza kumayero 1.500.
Lativiya
1.BEV moderi isonewe amafaranga yambere yo kwiyandikisha kandi yishimira umusoro muto wama euro.
Luxembourg 1. Umusoro wubutegetsi 50% gusa niwo usoreshwa mumodoka yamashanyarazi.
2.Ku bakoresha ku giti cyabo, imodoka zeru zangiza zishimira igipimo cyo hasi cya EUR 30 kumwaka.
3. Ku binyabiziga byamasosiyete, inkunga ya buri kwezi ingana na 0.5-1.8% bitewe n’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere.
4. Kugirango ugure umurongo, moderi ya BEV ifite inkunga irenga 18kWh (harimo) inkunga yama euro 8000, inkunga ya 18kWh yama euro 3.000; Moderi ya PHEV kuri kilometero ya karuboni ya dioxyde de carbone ≤ 50g inkunga yama euro 2500.
Malta
1. Kubakoresha kugiti cyabo, ibinyabiziga bifite imyuka ya CO2 g100g kuri kilometero bishimira umusoro muke.
2. Kugura umurongo, moderi yumuriro wamashanyarazi inkunga yumuntu ku giti cye hagati yama euro 11,000 na 20.000 euro.
Ubuholandi
1. Ku bakoresha ku giti cyabo, ibinyabiziga byangiza-zero bisonewe imisoro, kandi ibinyabiziga bya PHEV bitangirwa umusoro wa 50%.
2. Abakoresha bafatanyabikorwa, 16% igipimo ntarengwa cy’imisoro ku binyabiziga byangiza ikirere, umusoro ntarengwa ku binyabiziga bifite amashanyarazi meza ntabwo urenga amayero 30.000, kandi nta kibuza ibinyabiziga bitwara lisansi.
Polonye
1.Nta musoro ku binyabiziga bifite amashanyarazi meza, kandi nta musoro kuri PHEV munsi ya 2000cc mu mpera za 2029.
2.Ku baguzi ku giti cyabo hamwe n’ibigo, inkunga igera kuri PLN 27,000 iraboneka kuri moderi nziza ya EV hamwe n’imodoka zitwara lisansi zaguzwe muri PLN 225.000.
Porutugali
1.BEV moderi zisonewe umusoro; Moderi ya PHEV ifite amashanyarazi meza ≥50km na CO2 zangiza<50g>50km na CO2 byangiza imyuka ≤50g / km bihabwa umusoro wa 40%.
2. Abakoresha ku giti cyabo kugura icyiciro cya M1 ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi byuzuye igiciro ntarengwa cyamayero 62.500, inkunga yama euro 3.000, kugarukira kuri imwe.
Slowakiya
1. Imodoka zifite amashanyarazi meza zisonewe umusoro, mugihe ibinyabiziga bitwara lisansi n’ibinyabiziga bivangavanze bitangirwa umusoro wa 50%.
Espanye
1. Gusonerwa "umusoro udasanzwe" ku binyabiziga bifite imyuka ya CO2 ≤ 120g / km, no gusonerwa umusoro ku nyongeragaciro mu birwa bya Canary ku binyabiziga bikoresha ubundi buryo (urugero: bevs, fcevs, phev, EREV na hevs) bifite imyuka ya CO2 ≤ 110g / km .
2. Ku bakoresha ku giti cyabo, kugabanya imisoro 75 ku ijana ku binyabiziga bifite amashanyarazi meza mu mijyi minini nka Barcelona, Madrid, Valencia na Zaragoza.
3. Ku bakoresha ibigo, BEV na PHEVs bigurwa munsi yama euro 40.000 (harimo) bigabanywa 30% kumisoro yinjira; HEVs igurwa munsi yama euro 35.000 (harimo) igabanywa 20%.
Suwede
1. Umusoro wo mumuhanda wo hasi (SEK 360) kubinyabiziga bitangiza imyuka na PHEV mubakoresha kugiti cyabo.
2. Kugabanya imisoro 50 ku ijana (kugeza kuri SEK 15,000) kumasanduku yo kwishyuza inzu ya EV, hamwe na miliyari imwe y'amadolari yo gushyiraho ibikoresho byo kwishyuza AC kubatuye amazu.
Isilande
1. Kugabanya umusoro ku nyongeragaciro no gusonerwa kuri moderi ya BEV na HEV mugihe cyo kugura, nta TVA ku giciro cyo kugurisha igera ku 36.000 byama euro, TVA yuzuye hejuru yibyo.
2. Umusoro ku nyongeragaciro kuri sitasiyo yo kwishyuza no gushyiraho sitasiyo yo kwishyuza.
Busuwisi
1. Imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi zisonewe umusoro wimodoka.
2. Kubakoresha kugiti cyabo no mubigo, buri kanton igabanya cyangwa isonera umusoro wubwikorezi mugihe runaka ukurikije ikoreshwa rya lisansi (CO2 / km).
Ubwongereza
1. Kugabanya umusoro kubinyabiziga byamashanyarazi nibinyabiziga bifite imyuka ya CO2 iri munsi ya 75 g / km.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-24-2023