Imikorere ikomeye murugo
Mu gihembwe cya mbere cya 2025Isoko rya batiri y’amashanyarazi mu Bushinwa ryerekanye imbaraga n’iterambere ryiyongera, hamwe n’ubushobozi bwashyizweho ndetse n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga bikagera ku rwego rwo hejuru. Dukurikije imibare yaturutse mu Bushinwa Automotive Power Battery Industry Alliance Innovation Alliance, ubushobozi bwo gushyiramo ingufu za bateri z’amashanyarazi zo mu gihugu zageze kuri GWh zitangaje 130.2, umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 52.8%, bishyira hejuru cyane kuva mu gihembwe cya mbere cya 2020. Muri icyo gihe, ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga byiyongereye kugera kuri 37.8 GWh, ku mwaka ku mwaka kwiyongera kwa 21.5%. Aya makuru yerekana iterambere rikomeye ryaImodoka nshya y'Ubushinwa inganda nakwiyongera kwarushanwe kumasoko yisi yose.
Bitewe na politiki zitandukanye zo gushyigikira leta, igipimo cy’imodoka gishya cy’imbere mu gihugu cyazamutse kigera kuri 51.1%. Ingamba nko gusiba no kuvugurura, ibya kera-bishya, no gusonerwa umusoro mushya wo kugura ibinyabiziga bitanga ingufu byatumye abakiriya bakeneye. Impuguke mu nganda Zhang Jinhui atangaza ko hamwe n’umuvuduko w’amashanyarazi wihuta, biteganijwe ko umuvuduko w’ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu biteganijwe kurenga 55% mu 2025. Iyi myumvire ntabwo yerekana gusa ubushake bw’Ubushinwa bwo guteza imbere ingufu z’imodoka nshya z’ingufu, ahubwo binagaragaza icyerekezo cy’igihugu mu bijyanye no gutwara abantu ku buryo burambye.
Guhindura Isoko Ibikorwa
Isesengura ryimbitse ryisoko ryamashanyarazi ryerekana ko ikwirakwizwa ryubwoko bwa batiri ryahindutse cyane. Batteri ya Lisiyumu ya fosifate (LFP) ikomeje kwiganza, hamwe nubushobozi bwashyizwe hamwe bugera kuri 105.2 GWh mu gihembwe cya mbere, bingana na 80.8%, umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 93,6%, kwiyongera gutangaje. Ibinyuranye, ubushobozi bwashyizweho na bateri ya ternary yari 25 GWh, bingana na 19.2%, umwaka ushize wagabanutseho 19%. Hamwe n’umutekano wacyo hamwe n’ibiciro by’ibiciro, bateri ya lithium fer fosifate yiganjemo isoko ryimbere mu gihugu kuva muri Nyakanga 2021, ikagaragaza ihiganwa rikomeye bitewe n’imihindagurikire y’abaguzi.
Urebye hirya no hino ku isi, nubwo umuvuduko w’ubwiyongere bw’ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu wagabanutse, kwibanda ku gukoresha neza ibiciro byatumye abakora amamodoka mpuzamahanga barushaho gukunda bateri ya lithium fer fosifate. Inganda zikora cyane nka Tesla, Volkswagen, Mercedes-Benz, na BMW zose zirateganya kongera umugabane w’iteraniro rya batiri ya fosifate ya lithium fer, byerekana ko bamenye ikoranabuhanga. Byongeye kandi, abakora bateri mu mahanga nka LG Energy Solution, Samsung SDI, na SK On nabo batangiye gukoresha tekinoroji ya batiri ya lithium fer fosifate kugirango barusheho guteza imbere iterambere ryayo. Icyakora, birakwiye ko tumenya ko bateri za ternary zikiganza ku isoko mpuzamahanga, aho ibyoherezwa mu mahanga bingana na 60.9%, igiteranyo cy’umwaka ku mwaka cyiyongereyeho 31.9%, mu gihe kwiyongera kwa batiri ya lithium fer fosifate ari 9.3% gusa.
Ubuyobozi bukuru hamwe ningaruka zisi
Mu rwego rwo guhangana ku isoko ry’amashanyarazi y’Ubushinwa, CATL na BYD bakomeje kugumana umwanya wabo wiganje. CATL ikomeza umwanya wa mbere muri lithium fer fosifate ndetse no gushyiramo ingufu za batiri za ternary, imigabane yisoko ya 38.49% na 69.46%. BYD yibanda cyane cyane kubitangwa na bateri kubinyabiziga byayo bishya byingufu, mugihe nayo yagura bateri kubatwara ibinyabiziga bizwi cyane. Ibidukikije birushanwe ntabwo biteza imbere udushya gusa, ahubwo binateza imbere ubuziranenge nubuhanga muri bateri y’amashanyarazi y’Ubushinwa.
Isoko ry’amashanyarazi mu Bushinwa riratera imbere, kandi imbaraga zaryo zirenze imipaka yaryo. Amashanyarazi yohereza ibicuruzwa hanze yinjije amafaranga menshi y’ivunjisha, ateza imbere inganda zijyanye nayo, kandi azamura ubukungu. Byongeye kandi, amarushanwa ku isoko mpuzamahanga yanatumye abakora batiri mu Bushinwa bongera ubushakashatsi n’iterambere, bityo biteza imbere udushya mu ikoranabuhanga. Ikoreshwa ryinshi rya bateri y’amashanyarazi naryo rifite uruhare runini mu kugabanya gushingira ku bicanwa gakondo, kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, no guteza imbere iterambere rirambye ry’ibidukikije ku isi.
Ubushinwa bukomeje kuyobora muri bateri y’ibinyabiziga bitanga amashanyarazi butanga amahirwe y’ubufatanye mpuzamahanga mu rwego rushya rw’ingufu. Amashanyarazi atumizwa mu mahanga ateza imbere guhanahana ikoranabuhanga no kugabana umutungo, kandi bigafasha hamwe gukemura ibibazo by’ingufu ku isi. Byongeye kandi, Ubushinwa buza ku isonga muri uru rwego bwongera uruhare mu miyoborere y’ingufu ku isi, bukagira uruhare runini mu gutegura ejo hazaza h’ubwikorezi burambye.
Muri make, imikorere ikomeye y’inganda nshya z’ingufu z’Ubushinwa n’isoko ry’amashanyarazi yerekana neza ko Ubushinwa bwiyemeje iterambere rirambye. Mu gihe isi igenda ihinduka ingufu z’icyatsi, ibihugu bigomba kumenya no gushyigikira iterambere ry’Ubushinwa mu bijyanye n’imodoka nshya z’ingufu. Mugutezimbere ubufatanye no guhanga udushya, dushobora gufatanya gushiraho ejo hazaza heza kandi heza.
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Igihe cyoherejwe: Gicurasi-22-2025