Mu myaka yashize,Imodoka nshya y'Ubushinwa inganda zinjiye mu gishya
icyiciro cyiterambere ryihuse, biterwa ninkunga ya politiki nibisabwa ku isoko. Nk’uko imibare iheruka ibigaragaza, 2024 mu Bushinwa ifite imodoka nshya z’ingufu zizagera kuri miliyoni 31.4, byikubye inshuro zirenga eshanu kuva kuri miliyoni 4.92 mu mpera z’umugambi wa 13 w’imyaka itanu. Kuva muri Mutarama kugeza Nyakanga 2025, ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu n’igurisha bizarenga miliyoni 8.2, aho isoko ryiyongera bikagera kuri 45%. Uru ruhererekane rw'amakuru ntirugaragaza gusa isoko ryateye imbere ahubwo runagaragaza iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga mu Bushinwa ndetse no kuzamura inganda mu rwego rushya rw’imodoka z’ingufu.
Iyobowe na gahunda y’imyaka 14 y’imyaka itanu, inganda nshya z’imodoka z’ingufu z’Ubushinwa zageze ku ntera ishimishije mu rwego rwo gutanga isoko. Hamwe n’imodoka zifite amashanyarazi meza, imashini icomeka, hamwe n’ibinyabiziga bitwara lisansi nka “verticals eshatu,” inganda zirimo guteza imbere urwego rwuzuye rwo guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga. Hamwe na bateri yamashanyarazi hamwe na sisitemu yo kuyobora, gutwara moteri na electronics power, hamwe numuyoboro hamwe nubuhanga bwubwenge nka "bitatu bitambitse," inganda zubaka uburyo bwo gutanga ikoranabuhanga mubice byingenzi. Ubu buryo bwuzuye ntabwo bwongereye ingufu mu guhangana n’inganda gusa ahubwo bwanagize uruhare runini mu iterambere ry’ubukungu bufite ireme.
Guha imbaraga politiki ni garanti yingenzi yiterambere ryiza ryinganda. Ubushinwa bwashyize mu bikorwa politiki n’ingamba zo guteza imbere ubushakashatsi n’iterambere, umusaruro, no kuzamura isoko ry’imodoka nshya z’ingufu. Muri icyo gihe, kwishyira hamwe kw’inzego byahinduye urusobe rw’ibidukikije. Iterambere rihuriweho n’imiyoboro yo kwishyuza no guhinduranya hamwe n’ibikorwa remezo by’imihanda byatanze inkunga ikomeye y’ibikorwa remezo byo kumenyekanisha ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu. Byongeye kandi, gushimangira ubufatanye bwihuse no kwihutisha kwishyira hamwe mu rwego rw’agaciro ku isi byafunguye umwanya mushya wo guteza imbere inganda z’imodoka nshya z’Ubushinwa.
2. Guhindura udushya no Guhindura Ubwenge
Hagati yiterambere ryihuse ryinganda nshya zimodoka zingufu, guhanga udushya ni moteri yingenzi mubuzima bwayo. Hamwe no gukomeza gukura kwikoranabuhanga rya cockpit rishobora gukoreshwa, abayikoresha barashobora guhuza kubuntu imirimo myinshi kugirango bahuze ibyo bakeneye, bashireho "ahantu hatuwe." Kurugero, mugihe ugenda, abayikoresha barashobora gukora "uburyo bwo kurwana" ukanze rimwe, mugihe muri wikendi ingendo zingando, barashobora guhinduka muburyo bw "ibiruhuko byubunebwe" kugirango babone uburambe bwo gutwara.
Gahunda yimyaka 14 yimyaka itanu yerekana ko ari ngombwa kugera ku ntera mu ikoranabuhanga ry’imodoka nshya z’ingufu, harimo na bateri zifite ingufu z'umutekano muke, moteri ikora neza, hamwe n’ingufu zikora cyane. Igamije kandi kwihutisha iterambere ryibice byingenzi, harimo urubuga rwikoranabuhanga shingiro hamwe nibikoresho bya software hamwe na sisitemu ya software yimodoka ifite ubwenge (ihujwe), chassis itwara-by-wire, hamwe na terefone zikoresha ubwenge. Guhora udushya muri tekinoroji ni ugukora cockpits zubwenge hamwe na software mu modoka igenda igira ubwenge. Sisitemu ya bateri na chip nazo zirimo guhora zisubiramo kandi zikazamurwa, bigatuma logique yo gukora ibinyabiziga biva muri "superposition physique" ikagera kuri "symbiose yubwenge."
Muri SERES Gigafactory, imashini zirenga 1,600 zifite ubwenge hamwe na robo zirenga 3.000 zikora hamwe, bigera ku 100% byikora mubikorwa byo gukora nko gusudira no gusiga amarangi. Cao Nan, Umuyobozi mukuru wa SERES Gigafactory, yagize ati: "Dukoresheje tekinoroji yo kugenzura amashusho ya AI, dushobora kurangiza igenzura ryuzuye ry'ingingo nyinshi z'ingenzi ku kintu kimwe mu masegonda arenga icumi gusa, kugira ngo ibicuruzwa bihamye ndetse n'ubwiza bw'uruganda." Ubu buryo bwimbitse bwikoranabuhanga ryubwenge burerekana inganda nshya yimodoka yingufu kugirango irusheho guhanga udushya kandi ifite ubwenge.
3. Kwamamaza ingamba zo hejuru no kumenyekanisha mpuzamahanga
Mu rwego rwo guhindura imiterere y’imodoka ku isi, inganda nshya z’ibinyabiziga by’ingufu mu Bushinwa zihora zishakisha inzira y’iterambere ry’iterambere. Ku ya 29 Nyakanga 2023, i Chongqing, inama yo gutangiza Ubushinwa Changan Automobile Group Co., Ltd. Ishyirwaho ry’uru ruganda rushya rwa Leta ntabwo ari igipimo cyingenzi gusa mu ivugurura ry’imiterere y’inganda z’imodoka, ahubwo ritanga n'icyizere kinini ku nganda z’imodoka z’Abashinwa mu gihe hahinduwe inganda ku isi. Wang Tie, umuyobozi w’ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi bw’ubushakashatsi bw’imodoka n’Ubushinwa mu kigo cy’ubushakashatsi bw’imodoka mu Bushinwa, yavuze ko ishyirwaho ry’uru ruganda rushya rwa Leta ruzafasha mu guhuza umutungo mu nganda z’imodoka, kunoza imiterere y’inzego, no kuzamura ubukungu bw’ibipimo.
Kureshya abaguzi mpuzamahanga benshi, ibirango bishya byimodoka zubushinwa byihutisha kwaguka kwamahanga. Mugutezimbere ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa, gushimangira kumenyekanisha ibicuruzwa, no kunoza serivisi nyuma yo kugurisha, abakora amamodoka yo mu Bushinwa bizeye kugera ikirenge mu cyisi. Muri icyo gihe, hamwe n’iterambere rikomeje gutera imbere mu ikoranabuhanga no gukura buhoro buhoro ku isoko, irushanwa ry’imodoka nshya z’ingufu z’Ubushinwa naryo riragenda ryiyongera.
Kuruhande rwibi, nkisoko yambere yibicuruzwa byimodoka byabashinwa, twiyemeje gutanga ibicuruzwa byiza byimodoka nziza nziza kubakiriya mpuzamahanga. Umurongo mugari wibicuruzwa hamwe na sisitemu ya serivise yuzuye nyuma yo kugurisha byujuje ibyifuzo bitandukanye byamasoko. Binyuze mu bufatanye bwa hafi n’abakora amamodoka yo mu gihugu imbere, tuzakomeza guteza imbere kumenyekanisha imiduga mishya y’imodoka z’ingufu z’Abashinwa no guha abaguzi ku isi amahitamo meza.
Umwanzuro
Inganda nshya z’imodoka z’ingufu z’Ubushinwa zageze ku iterambere ryihuse mu gihe cy’imyaka 14 y’imyaka itanu, hamwe no gukomeza kwaguka mu musaruro n’igurisha ry’umwaka, iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga ry’ibanze, ndetse no kunoza imikorere y’inganda zigenga ndetse n’ubushobozi bwiterambere ry’icyatsi. Mu bihe biri imbere, hamwe no gukomeza guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga no kwagura isoko, nta gushidikanya ko inganda nshya z’imodoka z’ingufu z’Ubushinwa zizagaragaza ko irushanwa rikomeye ku isoko ry’isi, ritera imbaraga nshya mu iterambere ry’ubukungu buhanitse. Dutegereje gufatanya n’abafatanyabikorwa mpuzamahanga mu rwego rwo guteza imbere kumenyekanisha no guteza imbere ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu.
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-14-2025