Mu myaka yashize, hamwe n’isi yose yibanda ku kurengera ibidukikije n’iterambere rirambye ,.imodoka nshya y'ingufu (NEV)isoko ifiteyazamutse vuba. Nk’umudugudu munini ku isi kandi ukoresha ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu, ubucuruzi bwohereza ibicuruzwa mu Bushinwa nabwo buragenda bwiyongera. Amakuru aheruka kwerekana yerekana ko mu gice cya mbere cy’umwaka wa 2023, Ubushinwa bushya bw’ibinyabiziga byoherezwa mu mahanga bwiyongereyeho hejuru ya 80% umwaka ushize, muri byo hakaba haragaragaye cyane imodoka zitwara abagenzi zikoresha amashanyarazi.
Inyuma yo kuzamuka mu mahanga
Ubwiyongere bwihuse bw’ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu mu Bushinwa biterwa n’impamvu nyinshi. Icya mbere, guteza imbere urwego rw’inganda zikoresha ingufu z’imbere mu gihugu byatumye imodoka z’amashanyarazi zikorerwa mu gihugu mu gihugu zirushanwa cyane mu bijyanye n’igiciro n’ikoranabuhanga. Icya kabiri, icyifuzo cy’imodoka nshya z’ingufu ku isoko mpuzamahanga cyiyongereye, cyane cyane mu Burayi no muri Amerika ya Ruguru, aho ibihugu byinshi biteza imbere cyane gukwirakwiza ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi kugira ngo bigere ku ntego zo kutabogama kwa karubone. Byongeye kandi, politiki y’ingoboka ya guverinoma y’Ubushinwa mu nganda nshya z’imodoka zitanga ingufu nazo zatanze ibidukikije byiza byoherezwa mu mahanga.
Muri Nyakanga 2023, amakuru yashyizwe ahagaragara n’ishyirahamwe ry’abashinwa bakora inganda z’imodoka yerekanaga ko mu gice cya mbere cy’umwaka wa 2023, Ubushinwa bwohereza mu mahanga ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu bigera ku 300.000. Amasoko nyamukuru yoherezwa mu mahanga harimo Uburayi, Aziya y’amajyepfo y’amajyepfo, Amerika yepfo, nibindi. Muri byo, ibirango byabashinwa nka Tesla, BYD, NIO, na Xpeng byitwaye neza cyane ku isoko mpuzamahanga.
Kuzamuka kw'ibinyabiziga bishya by'ingufu z'abashinwa
Nta gushidikanya ko BYD ari imwe mu masosiyete ahagarariye mu bucuruzi bushya bw’imodoka z’Ubushinwa. Nka sosiyete ikora ibinyabiziga bifite amashanyarazi manini ku isi, BYD yohereje imodoka nshya zirenga 100.000 mu gice cya mbere cya 2023 kandi yinjira mu masoko y’ibihugu byinshi n’uturere. Bisi z'amashanyarazi ya BYD n'imodoka zitwara abagenzi zirakirwa cyane ku masoko yo hanze, cyane cyane mu Burayi no muri Amerika y'Epfo.
Byongeye kandi, ibicuruzwa bigenda bigaragara nka NIO, Xpeng, na Ideal nabyo bigenda byiyongera ku isoko mpuzamahanga. NIO yatangaje gahunda yo kwinjira ku isoko ry’Uburayi mu ntangiriro za 2023 kandi ishyiraho imiyoboro yo kugurisha no gutanga serivisi mu bihugu nka Noruveje. Xpeng Motors yagiranye amasezerano y’ubufatanye n’abakora amamodoka yo mu Budage mu 2023 kandi irateganya gufatanya guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga ry’ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi kugira ngo irusheho guhangana ku isoko ry’i Burayi.
Inkunga ya politiki n'icyerekezo cy'isoko
Politiki yo gushyigikira guverinoma y'Ubushinwa ku nganda nshya z’imodoka zitanga ingufu zitanga ingwate ikomeye yo kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Mu 2023, Komisiyo y’igihugu ishinzwe iterambere n’ivugurura na Minisiteri y’inganda n’ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho bafatanije “Gahunda nshya yo guteza imbere inganda z’ingufu z’ingufu (2021-2035)”, isaba ko byihutisha iterambere mpuzamahanga ry’imodoka nshya z’ingufu no gushishikariza ibigo gushakisha amasoko yo hanze. Muri icyo gihe kandi, guverinoma igabanya kandi ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga binyuze mu kugabanya imisoro, inkunga ndetse n’izindi ngamba zo kuzamura ubushobozi mpuzamahanga mu guhangana n’ibigo.
Urebye imbere, uko isi ikenera ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu bikomeje kwiyongera, isoko rishya ry’ibinyabiziga byoherezwa mu Bushinwa rifite amahirwe menshi. Nk’uko ikigo mpuzamahanga gishinzwe ingufu (IEA) kibitangaza ngo mu 2030, kugurisha imodoka z’amashanyarazi ku isi bizagera kuri miliyoni 130, muri byo umugabane w’isoko mu Bushinwa uzakomeza kwaguka. Imbaraga z’amasosiyete mashya y’ingufu z’abashinwa mu guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga, kubaka ibicuruzwa, kwagura isoko, n’ibindi bizatanga umusingi w’iterambere ryabo ku isoko mpuzamahanga.
Inzitizi n'ibisubizo
Nubwo Ubushinwa bushya bw’ibinyabiziga byohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bifite ejo hazaza heza, nabyo bihura n’ibibazo bimwe na bimwe. Ubwa mbere, amarushanwa mpuzamahanga ku isoko aragenda arushaho gukaza umurego, kandi ibicuruzwa bizwi ku rwego mpuzamahanga nka Tesla, Ford, na Volkswagen nabyo byongera ishoramari ku isoko ry’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi. Icya kabiri, ibihugu bimwe byashyize ahagaragara ibisabwa byujuje ubuziranenge bw’umutekano n’ibidukikije by’imodoka nshya z’ingufu z’igihugu cyanjye. Ibigo bigomba gukomeza kunoza ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa nubuhanga bwa tekiniki kugirango bikemure amasoko atandukanye.
Kugira ngo ibyo bibazo bikemuke, amasosiyete mashya y’imodoka z’ingufu z’Ubushinwa ntabwo yongera ishoramari rya R&D no guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga ry’ibicuruzwa, ahubwo arashaka cyane ubufatanye n’ibirango mpuzamahanga kugira ngo arushanwe guhangana binyuze mu guhanahana amakuru no kugabana umutungo. Byongeye kandi, ibigo binashimangira kubaka ibicuruzwa no kuzamura kumenyekana no kumenyekana ku isoko mpuzamahanga kugirango bigirire icyizere abaguzi benshi.
Mu gusoza
Muri rusange, bitewe n’inkunga ya politiki, ibisabwa ku isoko n’ingufu z’amasosiyete, ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu byoherezwa mu Bushinwa byakira amahirwe mashya y’iterambere. Mu bihe biri imbere, hamwe n’iterambere rikomeje gutera imbere mu ikoranabuhanga no kurushaho guteza imbere isoko, biteganijwe ko ibirango by’ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu by’Ubushinwa bizafata umwanya w’ingenzi ku isoko ry’isi.
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Apr-27-2025