Ku ya 19 Ugushyingo 2023, gari ya moshi y'igihugu yatangije igeragezwa rya batiri zikoresha ingufu za lithium-ion zikoresha amamodoka muri "ntara ebyiri n'umujyi umwe" wa Sichuan, Guizhou na Chongqing, kikaba ari intambwe ikomeye mu bwikorezi bw'igihugu cyanjye. Iyi ntambwe yambere, yitabiriwe n’amasosiyete akomeye nka CATL na Batiri ya BYD Fudi, ni igihe gikomeye mu iterambere ry’ubwikorezi bwa gari ya moshi mu gihugu cyanjye. Mbere, ubwikorezi bwa gari ya moshi ya batiri ya lithium-ion yimodoka yari itarubakwa. Iki gikorwa cyo kugerageza ni "zero intambwe" kandi gifungura kumugaragaro uburyo bushya bwo gutwara gari ya moshi.
Kwinjiza ubwikorezi bwa gari ya moshi ya bateri yimodoka ya lithium-ion ntabwo ari iterambere ryibikoresho gusa, ahubwo ni ingamba zifatika zo kunoza imikorere nigiciro cyogutwara bateri. Mu rwego rwo guhatanira amahanga, ubushobozi bwo gutwara bateri na gari ya moshi ni ngombwa kuko bwuzuza uburyo bwo gutwara abantu nka gari ya moshi-nyanja na gari ya moshi. Ubu buryo bwo gutwara abantu benshi buteganijwe kuzamura cyane ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bya batiri ya lithium-ion, bigenda bigaragara ko ari umusingi wa "shyashya eshatu" - ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi, ububiko bw’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga rya batiri.
Batteri ya Litiyumu ikoresha ibyuma bya lithium cyangwa lithium alloys nk'ibikoresho bya electrode hamwe n'ibisubizo bidafite amazi ya electrolyte nka electrolytite, kandi byahindutse igisubizo kibika ingufu ku isi hose. Iterambere ryarwo rishobora guhera mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20, kandi ryateye intambwe igaragara nyuma yo kugaragara bwa mbere kwa bateri ya lithium-ion mu myaka ya za 70. Muri iki gihe, bateri ya lithium igabanijwemo ibyiciro bibiri: bateri ya lithium ibyuma na batiri ya lithium-ion. Iyanyuma ntabwo irimo lithiyumu yumubiri kandi irashobora kwishyurwa, kandi irazwi cyane kubera imikorere myiza yabo.
Imwe mu nyungu zikomeye za bateri ya lithium nubucucike bwayo bwinshi, bukubye inshuro esheshatu kugeza kuri zirindwi za bateri gakondo ya aside-aside. Iyi mikorere ituma bikwiranye cyane na porogaramu zisaba ingufu zoroheje kandi zishobora gukemurwa, nkibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi nibikoresho bya elegitoroniki byoroshye. Byongeye kandi, bateri ya lithium ifite ubuzima burebure bwa serivisi, mubisanzwe imyaka irenga itandatu, hamwe na voltage ihanitse cyane, hamwe na selile imwe ikora voltage ya 3.7V cyangwa 3.2V. Ubushobozi bwayo bukomeye bwo gukora butuma kwihuta byihuse, bigatuma ihitamo neza kubikorwa byimbaraga nyinshi.
Batteri ya Litiyumu ifite umuvuduko muke wo kwisohora, mubisanzwe munsi ya 1% buri kwezi, ibyo bikaba byongera ubwitonzi bwabo. Iyi mikorere iremeza ko ingufu zigumana igihe kirekire, zikaba amahitamo yizewe kubakoresha ninganda. Mugihe isi igenda ihinduka ibisubizo birambye byingufu, ibyiza bya bateri ya lithium bituma babigira uruhare runini muguhindura ejo hazaza heza.
Mu Bushinwa, ikoreshwa ry’ikoranabuhanga rishya ry’ingufu rirenze urwego rw’imodoka. Ikigeragezo cyagezweho cyo gutwara gari ya moshi ya lithium-ion cyerekana ubushake bw’Ubushinwa mu kwinjiza ingufu z’amashanyarazi mu buryo bwose bwo gutwara abantu. Uku kwimuka ntigutezimbere gusa ibikoresho bya batiri, ariko kandi bihuye nintego nini z’Ubushinwa zo kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere no guteza imbere iterambere rirambye.
Mu gihe umuryango w’isi ukora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo ukemure ibibazo by’imihindagurikire y’ikirere no kwangirika kw’ibidukikije, gukoresha bateri ya lithium no kubaka uburyo bunoze bwo gutwara abantu kugira ngo ibyo bisubizo bibungabunge ingufu ni intambwe y’ingenzi iganisha ku isi ibisi. Ubufatanye hagati ya gari ya moshi y’igihugu n’uruganda rukomeye rwa batiri rugaragaza umwuka udasanzwe utera Ubushinwa kwerekeza ku mbaraga zirambye.
Mu gusoza, igeragezwa rya bateri zikoresha lithium-ion muri sisitemu ya gari ya moshi y'Ubushinwa ryerekana iterambere rikomeye mu bijyanye n’ingufu z’igihugu. Mu gukoresha ibyiza bya bateri ya lithium no kuzamura ibikoresho byo gutwara abantu, biteganijwe ko Ubushinwa buzashimangira umwanya wabwo ku isoko ry’ingufu ku isi mu gihe bugira uruhare mu gihe kizaza kirambye. Mugihe isi igenda igana ibisubizo byingufu zicyatsi kibisi, kwinjiza bateri ya lithium mubice bitandukanye, harimo na gari ya moshi, bizagira uruhare runini mugushinga urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima bisukuye kandi neza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-21-2024