Ingufu nshya z’Ubushinwa zohereza mu mahanga zitangiza amahirwe mashya: Kunoza umubano w’ubukungu n’ubucuruzi by’Ubushinwa na Amerika bifasha iterambereimodoka nshya yingufuinganda.
Ku ya 12 Gicurasi 2023, Ubushinwa na Amerika byashyize ahagaragara itangazo rihuriweho mu biganiro by’ubukungu n’ubucuruzi byabereye i Geneve, bifata icyemezo cyo kugabanya cyane urwego rw’ibiciro by’ibihugu byombi. Aya makuru ntabwo yinjije imbaraga nshya mu mibanire y’ubucuruzi n’Ubushinwa na Amerika, ahubwo yazanye amahirwe mashya mu nganda nshya z’ingufu z’Ubushinwa, cyane cyane kohereza mu mahanga imodoka nshya z’ingufu.
Mu gihe isi yitaye cyane ku kurengera ibidukikije n’iterambere rirambye, isoko ry’ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu biriyongera. Nk’igihugu kinini ku isi gikora ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu, Ubushinwa bwateye intambwe igaragara mu bushakashatsi bw’ikoranabuhanga no mu iterambere no kwagura isoko mu myaka yashize. Dukurikije imibare yaturutse mu ishyirahamwe ry’Abashinwa bakora inganda z’imodoka, Ubushinwa bwagurishije imodoka nshya z’ingufu bwageze kuri miliyoni 6.8 mu 2022, umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 96.9%. Muri byo, ibyoherezwa mu mahanga nabyo byiyongereye ku buryo bugaragara, biba imbaraga zikomeye mu guteza imbere impinduka no kuzamura inganda z’imodoka mu Bushinwa.
Mu rwego rwo kuzamura umubano w’ubukungu n’ubucuruzi by’Ubushinwa na Amerika, ibyifuzo byo kohereza mu mahanga imodoka nshya z’ingufu z’Ubushinwa biragenda bigaragara. Fata ibirango bizwi nka BYD, NIO, naXpeng
nk'urugero. Iyi sosiyete ntabwo yageze ku ntsinzi ku isoko ryimbere mu gihugu gusa, ahubwo yanagutse cyane ku isoko mpuzamahanga. BYD yinjiye neza ku isoko ry’Amerika mu 2022 maze agirana amasezerano y’ubufatanye n’abacuruzi baho mu 2023, ateganya gushyira ahagaragara imiduga myinshi y’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi ku isoko ry’Amerika mu myaka mike iri imbere. NIO yitwaye neza ku isoko ry’Uburayi kandi yashyizeho imiyoboro yo kugurisha muri Noruveje, Ubudage ndetse no mu bindi bihugu, kandi irateganya kurushaho kwaguka no mu bindi bihugu by’Uburayi mu bihe biri imbere.
Muri icyo gihe, hamwe no guhindura politiki y’imisoro hagati y’Ubushinwa na Amerika, biteganijwe ko igiciro cyo kohereza mu mahanga ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu kizagabanuka, ibyo bikazamura irushanwa ry’ibicuruzwa by’Ubushinwa ku isoko mpuzamahanga. Nk’uko isesengura ry’inzobere mu nganda ribivuga, igabanuka ry’imisoro rizatuma igiciro cy’imodoka nshya z’ingufu z’Ubushinwa ku isoko ry’Amerika zirusheho kuba nziza, bityo bigatuma iterambere ryiyongera. Byongeye kandi, uko icyifuzo cy’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi muri Amerika cyiyongera, amasosiyete y’Abashinwa nayo azatanga amahirwe menshi y’ubufatanye.
Mu rwego rw'ingufu nshya, ubufatanye hagati y'inganda z'Ubushinwa n'ibihugu by'amahanga nabwo buragenda bwiyongera. Fata Tesla nk'urugero. Uruganda rwa Tesla mu mujyi wa Shanghai mu Bushinwa ntirutanga gusa imodoka z’amashanyarazi ku isoko ry’Ubushinwa, ahubwo runaba igice cy’ingenzi mu rwego rwo gutanga amasoko ku isi. Intsinzi ya Tesla yanashishikarije inganda nyinshi zo mu Bushinwa gufatanya n’ibihangange mpuzamahanga guteza imbere guhanahana ikoranabuhanga no guhanga udushya.
Nubwo, nubwo hari icyizere, ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu byoherezwa mu Bushinwa biracyafite imbogamizi. Ubwa mbere, amarushanwa ku isoko mpuzamahanga aragenda arushaho gukaza umurego, cyane cyane ku bicuruzwa byaho mu Burayi no muri Amerika. Icya kabiri, ibipimo bya tekiniki nibisabwa kugirango ibinyabiziga bishya bitanga ingufu biratandukanye bitewe n’ibihugu, kandi amasosiyete y’Abashinwa agomba gusuzuma neza ibyo bintu mugihe cyo gutunganya ibicuruzwa n’umusaruro kugira ngo byinjire neza ku masoko yagenewe.
Byongeye kandi, ihindagurika ry’urwego rutanga isoko ku isi rishobora no kugira ingaruka ku musaruro no kohereza mu mahanga ibinyabiziga bishya bitanga ingufu. Vuba aha, ikibazo cy’ibura rya chip ku isi nticyakemuwe mu buryo bw’ibanze, cyashyizeho imbogamizi ku musaruro w’ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu. Amasosiyete y'Abashinwa akeneye gushimangira imbaraga mu micungire y’ibicuruzwa kugira ngo bahangane n’ibibazo bishoboka mu gihe kiri imbere.
Muri rusange, kunoza umubano w’ubukungu n’ubucuruzi by’Ubushinwa na Amerika byazanye amahirwe mashya yo kohereza mu mahanga imodoka nshya z’ingufu z’Ubushinwa. Iterambere ry’ibikenerwa ku isoko no kurushaho kunoza ibidukikije bya politiki, biteganijwe ko amasosiyete mashya y’imodoka z’ingufu z’Abashinwa azatera intambwe nini ku isoko mpuzamahanga. Mu bihe biri imbere, hamwe n’iterambere rikomeje gutera imbere mu ikoranabuhanga no kurushaho kunoza ubufatanye mpuzamahanga, inganda nshya z’imodoka z’Ubushinwa zizatanga umwanya mugari w’iterambere.
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-02-2025