Iterambere ry’imodoka nshya zingufu rirakomeje, kandi ikibazo cyo kuzuza ingufu nacyo cyabaye kimwe mubibazo inganda zita cyane.Mugihe abantu bose barimo impaka kubijyanye no kwishyuza birenze urugero no guhinduranya bateri, hari "Gahunda C" yo kwishyuza imodoka nshya?
Ahari byatewe no kwishyuza bidasubirwaho bya terefone zigendanwa, kwishyuza bidasubirwaho imodoka nabyo byahindutse bumwe mubuhanga injeniyeri zatsinze.Nk’uko ibitangazamakuru byabitangaje, ntabwo hashize igihe kinini, tekinoroji yo kwishyuza imodoka idafite ubushakashatsi yakiriye ubushakashatsi bwimbitse.Itsinda ry’ubushakashatsi n’iterambere ryatangaje ko ipaki yumuriro idafite amashanyarazi ishobora kohereza ingufu mumodoka ifite ingufu zingana na 100kW, zishobora kongera ingufu za batiri 50% muminota 20.
Nibyo, tekinoroji yo kwishyuza imodoka idafite tekinoroji ntabwo ari tekinoroji nshya.Hamwe n’izamuka ry’ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu, ingufu zitandukanye zimaze igihe kinini zishakisha uburyo bwo kwishyuza bidasubirwaho, harimo BBA, Volvo n’amasosiyete atandukanye yo mu gihugu.
Muri rusange, tekinoroji yo kwishyuza imodoka idafite umugozi iracyari mu ntangiriro zayo, kandi inzego nyinshi z’ibanze nazo zifata umwanya wo gushakisha uburyo bunini bwo gutwara abantu.Nyamara, kubera ibintu nkigiciro, ingufu, nibikorwa remezo, tekinoroji yo kwishyuza imodoka idafite ubucuruzi yagurishijwe ku rugero runini.Hariho ingorane nyinshi zigikeneye kuneshwa.Inkuru nshya yerekeye kwishyuza bidasubirwaho mumodoka ntabwo byoroshye kubivuga.
Nkuko twese tubizi, kwishyuza bidasubirwaho ntabwo ari shyashya mubikorwa bya terefone igendanwa.Kwishyuza ibyuma bitagira umuyaga ntibikunzwe nko kwishyuza terefone zigendanwa, ariko bimaze gukurura ibigo byinshi kwifuza ikoranabuhanga.
Muri rusange, hari uburyo bune bwingenzi bwo kwishyiriraho ibyuma bidafite amashanyarazi: induction ya electromagnetic induction, magnetic field resonance, guhuza amashanyarazi, hamwe na radiyo.Muri byo, terefone zigendanwa n’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi zikoresha cyane cyane induction ya electronique na magnetiki yumurima wa resonance.
Muri byo, kwishyiriraho amashanyarazi bitagira amashanyarazi bikoresha ihame rya electromagnetic induction ya electromagnetism na magnetism kugirango bitange amashanyarazi.Ifite uburyo bwo kwishyuza cyane, ariko intera nziza yo kwishyuza ni ngufi kandi ibisabwa byo kwishyuza nabyo birakomeye.Ugereranije, magnetiki resonance itishyurwa idafite ibyuma bifite aho ikenera kandi intera ndende yo kwishyuza, ishobora gushyigikira santimetero nyinshi kugeza kuri metero nyinshi, ariko uburyo bwo kwishyuza buri hasi gato ugereranije nubwa mbere.
Kubwibyo, mugihe cyambere cyo gushakisha ikoranabuhanga ryogukoresha amashanyarazi, amasosiyete yimodoka yashyigikiye tekinoroji ya elegitoroniki yumuriro.Ibigo bihagarariye birimo BMW, Daimler nandi masosiyete yimodoka.Kuva icyo gihe, tekinoroji ya magnetiki resonance idafite amashanyarazi yagiye itezwa imbere buhoro buhoro, ihagarariwe nabatanga sisitemu nka Qualcomm na WiTricity.
Nko muri Nyakanga 2014, BMW na Daimler (ubu ni Mercedes-Benz) batangaje amasezerano y’ubufatanye mu guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga ry’amashanyarazi ridafite amashanyarazi ku binyabiziga.Muri 2018, BMW yatangiye gukora sisitemu yo kwishyuza idafite umugozi kandi iyigira igikoresho kidahwitse cya 5 Series plug-in ya moderi ya Hybrid.Imbaraga zayo zo kwishyuza ni 3.2kW, imbaraga zo guhindura ingufu zigera kuri 85%, kandi irashobora kwishyurwa byuzuye mumasaha 3.5.
Muri 2021, Volvo izakoresha tagisi yamashanyarazi XC40 kugirango itangire igeragezwa ryogukoresha amashanyarazi muri Suwede.Volvo yashyizeho byumwihariko ahantu henshi ho kwipimisha mumujyi wa Gothenburg, Suwede.Ibinyabiziga byishyuza bikenera guhagarara gusa kubikoresho bidafite amashanyarazi byinjijwe mumuhanda kugirango uhite utangira imirimo yo kwishyuza.Volvo yavuze ko ingufu zayo zidafite amashanyarazi zishobora kugera kuri 40kW, kandi zishobora gukora ibirometero 100 mu minota 30.
Mu rwego rwo kwishyiriraho ibinyabiziga bidafite amashanyarazi, igihugu cyanjye cyahoze ku isonga mu nganda.Mu mwaka wa 2015, Ubushinwa bwo mu majyepfo y’amashanyarazi Guangxi Ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi ku mashanyarazi cyubatsemo imodoka ya mbere y’amashanyarazi yo mu rugo ikoresheje inzira yo kugerageza.Muri 2018, SAIC Roewe yatangije moderi yambere yumuriro wamashanyarazi hamwe nogukoresha amashanyarazi.FAW Hongqi yashyize ahagaragara Hongqi E-HS9 ishyigikira ikoranabuhanga ryogukoresha amashanyarazi mu 2020. Muri Werurwe 2023, SAIC Zhiji yatangije ku mugaragaro imodoka yambere ya 11kW ifite ingufu nyinshi zifite ubwenge bwo kwishyuza.
Kandi Tesla kandi numwe mubashakashatsi mubijyanye no kwishyuza bidafite umugozi.Muri kamena 2023, Tesla yakoresheje miliyoni 76 zamadorali y’Amerika kugira ngo agure Wiferion maze ayita Tesla Engineering Germany GmbH, ateganya gukoresha amashanyarazi mu buryo buhendutse.Mbere, Umuyobozi mukuru wa Tesla, Musk, yari afite imyumvire mibi ku bijyanye no kwishyuza bidafite insinga kandi anenga ko kwishyuza bidasubirwaho ari "ingufu nke kandi zidakora".Noneho ayita ejo hazaza heza.
Birumvikana ko amasosiyete menshi yimodoka nka Toyota, Honda, Nissan, na General Motors nayo arimo atezimbere tekinoroji yo kwishyuza.
Nubwo amashyaka menshi yakoze ubushakashatsi bwigihe kirekire mubijyanye no kwishyuza bidasubirwaho, tekinoroji yo kwishyiriraho ibinyabiziga iracyari kure kuba impamo.Ikintu cyingenzi kibuza iterambere ryacyo ni imbaraga.Fata urugero rwa Hongqi E-HS9.Tekinoroji yo kwishyiriraho idafite ibyuma ifite ifite ingufu zisohoka zingana na 10kW, zikaba zisumba gato imbaraga za 7kW z'ikirundo cyo kwishyuza gahoro.Moderi zimwe zishobora kugera gusa kuri sisitemu yo kwishyuza 3.2kW.Muyandi magambo, ntakorohera na gato hamwe nuburyo bwo kwishyuza.
Byumvikane ko, niba imbaraga zo kwishyuza zidafite ingufu zitezimbere, birashobora kuba indi nkuru.Kurugero, nkuko byavuzwe mu ntangiriro yikiganiro, itsinda ryubushakashatsi niterambere ryageze ku mbaraga zisohoka 100kW, bivuze ko niba imbaraga nkizo zishobora kugerwaho, ikinyabiziga gishobora kwishyurwa byuzuye mugihe cyisaha imwe.Nubwo bigoye kugereranya no kwishyuza super, biracyari amahitamo mashya yo kuzuza ingufu.
Urebye uko ibintu byakoreshejwe, inyungu nini ya tekinoroji yo kwishyiriraho ibinyabiziga ni kugabanya intambwe zintoki.Ugereranije no kwishyiriraho insinga, abafite imodoka bakeneye gukora ibikorwa bitandukanye nko guhagarara, kuva mumodoka, gufata imbunda, gucomeka no kwishyuza, nibindi. Iyo bahuye nabandi bantu bishyuza ibirundo, bagomba kuzuza amakuru atandukanye. , ni inzira igoye.
Amashanyarazi adafite amashanyarazi aroroshye cyane.Umushoferi amaze guhagarika ikinyabiziga, igikoresho gihita kiyumva hanyuma kikishyuza mu buryo butemewe.Ikinyabiziga kimaze kwishyurwa byuzuye, ikinyabiziga kigenda neza, kandi nyiracyo ntakeneye gukora ikindi gikorwa.Ukurikije ubunararibonye bwabakoresha, bizaha kandi abantu kumva ibintu byiza mugihe ukoresheje ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi.
Ni ukubera iki kwishyuza imodoka bidasubirwaho bikurura abantu cyane kubigo nabatanga ibicuruzwa?Uhereye kubitekerezo byiterambere, ukuza kwigihe kitagira shoferi birashobora kandi kuba igihe cyiterambere ryinshi rya tekinoroji yo kwishyuza.Kugirango imodoka zidafite umushoferi, bakeneye kwishyiriraho simusiga kugirango bakureho ingoyi yinsinga.
Kubwibyo, abatanga ibicuruzwa byinshi bafite ibyiringiro cyane kubijyanye niterambere ryiterambere rya tekinoroji yo kwishyuza.Igihangange Siemens cyo mu Budage giteganya ko isoko ryo kwishyuza mu buryo butemewe n’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi mu Burayi no muri Amerika ya Ruguru rizagera kuri miliyari 2 z'amadolari ya Amerika mu 2028. Kugira ngo ibyo bishoboke, guhera muri Kamena 2022, Siemens yashoye miliyoni 25 z’amadolari y’Amerika kugira ngo abone imigabane mike mu batanga amashanyarazi ya WiTricity. guteza imbere ubushakashatsi bwikoranabuhanga no guteza imbere sisitemu yo kwishyuza idafite.
Siemens yizera ko kwishyuza bidasubirwaho ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi bizahinduka inzira nyamukuru mugihe kizaza.Usibye gutuma kwishyuza byoroha, kwishyuza bidasubirwaho nimwe mubintu bikenewe kugirango umenye gutwara ibinyabiziga byigenga.Niba dushaka rwose gutangiza imodoka zitwara wenyine murwego runini, tekinoroji yo kwishyuza idafite akamaro.Iyi nintambwe yingenzi mwisi yo gutwara ibinyabiziga byigenga.
Nibyo, ibyiringiro nibyiza, ariko ukuri ni bibi.Kugeza ubu, uburyo bwo kuzuza ingufu z’ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi buragenda butandukana, kandi ibyiringiro byo kwishyurwa bidafite umugozi birateganijwe cyane.Nyamara, duhereye kubigezweho, tekinoroji yo kwishyiriraho ibinyabiziga iracyari mukigeragezo kandi ihura nibibazo byinshi, nkigiciro kinini, kwishyuza gahoro, ibipimo bidahuye, hamwe niterambere ryubucuruzi.
Ikibazo cyo kwishyuza neza ni imwe mu mbogamizi.Kurugero, twaganiriye ku kibazo cyo gukora neza muri Hongqi E-HS9 tumaze kuvuga.Imikorere mike yo kwishyuza idafite insinga yaranenzwe.Kugeza ubu, imikorere yumuriro wamashanyarazi idafite amashanyarazi iri munsi yubushakashatsi bwakoreshejwe kubera gutakaza ingufu mugihe cyohereza amashanyarazi.
Urebye ibiciro, kwishyuza imodoka bidafite umugozi bigomba kurushaho kugabanuka.Kwishyuza bidasubirwaho bifite ibyangombwa byinshi kubikorwa remezo.Ibikoresho byo kwishyuza bishyirwa mubutaka, bizaba birimo guhindura ubutaka nibindi bibazo.Ibiciro byubwubatsi byanze bikunze bizaba hejuru yikiguzi cyibirundo bisanzwe.Byongeye kandi, mugihe cyambere cyo guteza imbere tekinoroji yo kwishyuza idafite insinga, urunigi rwinganda ntirurakura, kandi igiciro cyibice bifitanye isano kizaba kinini, ndetse inshuro nyinshi igiciro cyibikoresho byo kwishyiriraho AC murugo bifite imbaraga zimwe.
Kurugero, umukoresha wa bisi yo mubwongereza FirstBus yatekereje gukoresha tekinoroji yo kwishyuza idafite umugozi murwego rwo guteza imbere amashanyarazi ya flet.Icyakora, nyuma yo kugenzura, byagaragaye ko buri mutanga ibikoresho byo kwishyiriraho ubutaka yavuzeko ibiro 70.000.Byongeye kandi, ikiguzi cyo kubaka umuhanda wogukoresha amashanyarazi nacyo kiri hejuru.Kurugero, ikiguzi cyo kubaka umuhanda wa kilometero 1,6 wogukoresha amashanyarazi muri Suwede ni hafi miliyoni 12.5 US $.
Nibyo, ibibazo byumutekano birashobora kandi kuba kimwe mubibazo bibuza tekinoroji yo kwishyuza.Urebye ingaruka zayo kumubiri wumuntu, kwishyuza simusiga ntabwo ari ikintu kinini.Minisiteri y’inganda n’ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho "Amabwiriza y’agateganyo ku micungire ya Radiyo y’ibikoresho byo kwishyuza (Gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi)" (Umushinga w’ibitekerezo) "yasohowe na Minisiteri y’inganda n’ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho avuga ko umurongo wa 19-21kHz na 79-90kHz wihariye ku modoka zishyuza zidafite insinga.Ubushakashatsi bujyanye n’ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko iyo gusa imbaraga zo kwishyuza zirenze 20kW kandi umubiri wumuntu uhuye cyane na base yumuriro, bishobora kugira ingaruka runaka kumubiri.Ariko, ibi birasaba kandi impande zose gukomeza kwamamaza umutekano mbere yuko zimenyekana nabaguzi.
Nubwo uburyo bwo gukoresha imashini idafite amashanyarazi nuburyo bukoreshwa nuburyo bworoshye bwo gukoresha, haracyari inzira ndende kugirango itangire gucuruzwa ku rugero runini.Gusohoka muri laboratoire no kuyishyira mubikorwa mubuzima busanzwe, umuhanda wo kwishyuza simusiga kumodoka ni muremure kandi biragoye.
Mugihe amashyaka yose arimo arashakisha cyane tekinoroji yo kwishyuza idafite amamodoka, igitekerezo cyo "kwishyuza robot" nacyo cyagaragaye bucece.Ingingo z'ububabare zigomba gukemurwa no kwishyuza bidasubirwaho byerekana ikibazo cyo gukoresha abakoresha uburyo bworoshye, buzuzuza igitekerezo cyo gutwara ibinyabiziga bidafite umushoferi mugihe kizaza.Ariko hariho inzira zirenze imwe zerekeza i Roma.
Kubwibyo, "kwishyuza robot" nabyo byatangiye kuba inyongera muburyo bwo kwishyuza bwubwenge bwimodoka.Ntabwo hashize igihe kinini, Beijing Sub-Central Construction National Green Development Demonstration Zone nshya yubushakashatsi bwa sisitemu yubushakashatsi yatangije robot yuzuye yishyuza bisi ishobora kwishyuza bisi zamashanyarazi.
Bisi yamashanyarazi imaze kwinjira muri sitasiyo yumuriro, sisitemu yo kureba ifata amakuru yimodoka, kandi sisitemu yo kohereza inyuma ihita itanga akazi ko kwishyuza robot.Hifashishijwe sisitemu yo kunyura inzira hamwe nuburyo bwo kugenda, robot ihita igana kuri sitasiyo yumuriro hanyuma igahita ifata imbunda yo kwishyuza., ukoresheje tekinoroji yerekana imyanya kugirango umenye aho icyuma gikoresha amashanyarazi gikora kandi ukore ibikorwa byogukoresha byikora.
Nibyo, amasosiyete yimodoka nayo atangiye kubona ibyiza byo "kwishyuza robot".Mu imurikagurisha ry’imodoka rya 2023, Lotus yasohoye robot yishyuza flash.Iyo ikinyabiziga gikeneye kwishyurwa, robot irashobora kwagura ukuboko kwayo kandi igahita yinjiza imbunda yumuriro mumwobo wishyuza.Nyuma yo kwishyuza, irashobora kandi gukuramo imbunda yonyine, ikarangiza inzira yose kuva itangiye kwishyuza imodoka.
Ibinyuranye, kwishyuza robot ntabwo bifite gusa uburyo bwo kwishyuza bidafite umugozi gusa, ariko birashobora no gukemura ikibazo cyo kugabanya ingufu zumuriro wumuriro.Abakoresha barashobora kandi kwishimira umunezero mwinshi utiriwe uva mumodoka.Birumvikana ko kwishyuza robo bizanakubiyemo ikiguzi nibibazo byubwenge nko guhagarara no kwirinda inzitizi.
Incamake: Ikibazo cyo kuzuza ingufu kubinyabiziga bishya byingufu byahoze ari ikibazo impande zose zinganda zita cyane.Kugeza ubu, igisubizo kirenze urugero nigisubizo cyo gusimbuza batiri nibisubizo bibiri byingenzi.Mubyukuri, ibi bisubizo byombi birahagije kugirango uhuze imbaraga zuzuza abakoresha kurwego runaka.Birumvikana ko ibintu bigenda bitera imbere.Ahari hamwe nigihe cyibihe bidafite umushoferi, kwishyuza bidafite insinga hamwe no kwishyuza robot birashobora kuzana amahirwe mashya.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Apr-13-2024