Iterambere ry'ibinyabiziga bishya byingufu ziri mu swing yuzuye, kandi ikibazo cyo kuzuza ingufu nacyo cyabaye kimwe mu bibazo inganda zitaye ku buryo bwuzuye. Mugihe abantu bose bagiye impaka kubahirika no gukubita bateri, hari "Gahunda ya" yo kwishyuza ibinyabiziga bishya byingufu?
Ahari byatewe no kwishyuza bidafite smartphone, kwishyuza imodoka nazo zabaye imwe mu ikoranabuhanga batsinze injeniyeri zatsinze. Dukurikije ibitangazamakuru bivuga ko bidatinze, tekinoroji yo kwishyuza yimodoka yakiriwe neza. Itsinda ry'ubushakashatsi n'iterambere ryavuze ko padi zidafite umugozi zirashobora kohereza imbaraga ku modoka zifite imbaraga zisohoka za 100kw, zishobora kongera ibirego by'ibirego 50% mu minota 20.
Birumvikana ko ikoranabuhanga ridafite uburambe ntabwo ari ikoranabuhanga rishya. Hamwe no kuzamuka kw'ibinyabiziga bishya by'ingufu, imbaraga zitandukanye zashakishijwe cyane kwishyuza igihe kirekire, harimo na BBA, Volvo hamwe n'amasosiyete atandukanye yo mu rugo.
Muri rusange, imodoka idafite umugozi iracyari mubyiciro byayo hakiri kare, kandi leta nyinshi zibanze zirimo kandi gufata umwanya wo gucukumbura uburyo bwiza bwo gutwara abantu. Ariko, kubera ibintu nkibiciro, imbaraga, nibikorwa remezo, ikoranabuhanga ryimodoka ryahagaritswe ku rugero runini. Hariho ingorane nyinshi zigomba kuneshwa. Inkuru nshya kubyerekeye umugozi wishyurwa mumodoka ntabwo byoroshye kubivuga.
Nkuko twese tubizi, kwishyuza ntabwo arikintu gishya munganda za terefone zigendanwa. Wireless Kwishyuza imodoka ntabwo akunzwe no kwishyuza terefone zigendanwa, ariko yamaze gukurura ibigo byinshi kugirango yifuze iki ikoranabuhanga.
Muri rusange, hariho uburyo bune bwimikorere yo kwishyuza: Indumu ya electromagnetic, amajwi ya magnetique, amashanyarazi, hamwe na radiyo. Muri bo, terefone zigendanwa n'ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi bikoresha ahanini no kwinjiza amashanyarazi na magnetique.
Muri bo, induction ya electomagnetic itiza ko kwishyuza zikoresha itandukaniro rya electomagnetic ihohoterwa rishingiye kuri electomagnetism na magnetism ryo kubyara amashanyarazi. Ifite imikorere yo kwishyuza nyinshi, ariko intera nziza yishyurwa ni mugufi kandi ibisabwa biranga nabyo biratangaje. Kuvuga, kuvuga neza, magnetic resonance idafite umugozi ufite ibisabwa bihantu hamwe nintera ndende, ishobora gushyigikira santimetero nyinshi, ariko imikorere yo kwishyuza iri munsi yabambere.
Kubwibyo, mugihe cyambere cyo gucukumbura ikoranabuhanga ridafite umugozi, amasosiyete yimodoka yashyigikiye induction ya elecromagnetic infashanyo yinzihanga. Ibigo bihagarariye birimo BMW, Daimer nandi masosiyete yimodoka. Kuva icyo gihe, magnetic resonance tekinoroji yo kwishyuza buhoro buhoro yazamuwe buhoro buhoro, ihagarariwe na sisitemu abatanga sisitemu nkibihembwa kandi bifite akamaro.
Nko muri Nyakanga 2014, BMW na Daimer (ubu Mercedes-benz) batangaje amasezerano y'ubufatanye kugira ngo bateze imbere guhangana n'ikoranabuhanga ryamashanyarazi. Muri 2018, BMW yatangiye gukora sisitemu yo kwishyuza ifise kandi igakora igikoresho kidahwitse ku rukurikirane 5 plag-muri moderi ya Hybrid. Imbaraga zayo zishyurwa ni 3.2KW, Guhindura ingufu zigera kuri 85%, kandi birashobora kwishyurwa neza mumasaha 3.5.
Muri 2021, Volvo azakoresha tagile ya XC40 yera kugirango atangire umugozi wo kwishyuza muri Suwede. Volvo yashyizeho ahantu heza cyane mu mujyi wa Gothenburg, Suwede. Kwishyuza ibinyabiziga gusa bakeneye guhagarara kubikoresho byo kwishyuza byimazeyo byinjijwe mumuhanda kugirango uhite utangire imikorere yo kwishyuza. Volvo yavuze ko imbaraga zayo zidafite umugozi zirashobora kugera kuri 40ww, kandi irashobora kugenda kilometero 100 muminota 30.
Mu murima w'imodoka idafite umugozi, igihugu cyanjye cyamye kiri ku isonga ry'inganda. Muri 2015, Ubushinwa Amajyepfo ya Grid GuangXi IKIZAMINI CY'AMAFARANGA IKIZAMINI CY'AMAFARANGA Y'UBUCURUZI BWA MBERE YO GUKORA ITORERO RY'INGENZI RY'INGENZI. Muri 2018, Saic Roewe yatangije icyitegererezo cyamashanyarazi ya mbere hamwe no kwishyuza. Faw Hongqi yatangije Engqi Engqi E-HS9 ishyigikira tekinoroji yo kwishyuza muri 2020. Muri Werurwe 2023
Na Tesla nayo ni umwe mubashakashatsi mumurima wirega. Muri Kamena 2023, Tesla yakoresheje miliyoni 76 z'amadolari yo gushaka iryisi kandi yamaze izina rya Tesla Ubwubatsi Ubudage GmbH, Guteganya Gukoresha Umuremyi Kwishyuza ku giciro gito. Mbere, umutware mukuru wa Tesla yari afite imyumvire mibi yo kwishyuza no kunegura kwishyuza umugozi nk "imbaraga nke kandi zidahari". Noneho arabyita ejo hazaza heza.
Birumvikana ko ibigo byinshi by'imodoka nka TOYOTA, HONDA, NISSAN, na moteri rusange kandi bateza imbere ikoranabuhanga ridafite umugozi.
Nubwo amashyaka menshi yakoze ubushakashatsi bwigihe kirekire murwego rwimikorere yumunsi wa Wireless, telemotive tekinoroji yo kwishyuza iracyari kure yo kuba impamo. Ikintu cyingenzi kibuza iterambere ryayo ni imbaraga. Fata Hongqi E-HS9 nkurugero. Ikoranabuhanga ridafite umugozi ifite ibikoresho bifite imbaraga zisohoka kuri 10kw, hejuru gato kurenza ububasha bwa 7KW bwo kwishyuza buhoro. Moderi zimwe zirashobora kugera kuri sisitemu ihanitse imbaraga za 3.2KW. Muyandi magambo, nta korohereza na gato hamwe nibikorwa byo kwishyuza.
Birumvikana, niba imbaraga zo kwishyuza zidafite akamaro, birashobora kuba indi nkuru. Kurugero, nkuko byavuzwe mu ntangiriro yingingo, itsinda ryubushakashatsi niterambere ryageze ku mbaraga zisohoka rya 100kw, bivuze ko niba imbaraga nkiyi ishobora gushingwa neza isaha imwe. Nubwo bigoye kugereranya no kwishyuza cyane, biracyari amahitamo mashya yo kuzura ingufu.
Dukurikije uburyo bwo gukoresha imikoreshereze, inyungu nini yikoranabuhanga rya aitomotive tekinoroji yo kwishyuza ni ukugabanya intambwe yintoki. Ugereranije n'inzitizi yo kwishyuza, ba nyirubwite bakeneye gukora ibikorwa nko guhagarara, gutoranya imbunda, bigatuma ushyiramo imbunda, bagomba kuzuza amakuru atandukanye, bagomba kuzuza amakuru atandukanye, aribwo buryo bworoshye.
Scenarioless Concenario biroroshye cyane. Nyuma ya parike ya shoferi imodoka, igikoresho gihita cyumvikana hanyuma uyishinja. Imodoka imaze kuregwa byuzuye, ikinyabiziga gitwara neza, kandi nyirubwite ntakeneye gukora ikindi kintu cyose. Dukurikije uburambe bwabakoresha, bizanaha abantu kumva neza mugihe bakoresheje ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi.
Kuki imodoka idafite umugozi ikurura ibitekerezo byinshi mubigo nabatanga isoko? Duhereye ku iterambere, kuhagera kwaho kutagira uruhare nabyo birashobora kandi kuba igihe cyo guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga rifite umugozi. Kugirango imodoka zidafite ububi, bakeneye kwishyuza kwishyuza kugirango ukureho ingoyi zo kwishyuza insinga.
Kubwibyo, benshi batanga ibitekerezo bafite ibyiringiro cyane kubijyanye niterambere ryikoranabuhanga rya Wireless. Abadage bakomeye b'Abadage bahanura ko isoko ryishyurwa ry'ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi mu Burayi ndetse na Amerika ya Ruguru imaze kugera kuri miliyoni 25 z'amadolari yo guharanira ubushakashatsi no guteza imbere sisitemu yo kwishyuza ikoranabuhanga.
Siemens yemera ko kwishyuza ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi bizahinduka ibyingenzi mu gihe kizaza. Usibye kwishyuza byinshi, kwishyurwa kandi nimwe mubisabwa kugirango umenye ibinyabiziga byigenga. Niba rwose dushaka gutangiza imodoka yo kwitwara cyane kurwego runini, tekinoroji yo kwishyuza yiminsi ni ngombwa. Iyi ni intambwe y'ingenzi mu isi yo gutwara automomomo.
Birumvikana ko ibyiringiro ari byiza, ariko ukuri ni bibi. Kugeza ubu, uburyo bwo kwishyuza ingufu bwimodoka z'amashanyarazi bigenda birushaho gutandukana, kandi ibyiringiro byo kwishyuza bidafite ishingiro birateganijwe cyane. Ariko, kuva aho bireba, telemotive tekinoroji yo kwishyuza iracyari murwego rwo kugerageza kandi ihura nibibazo byinshi, nkikiguzi kinini, kwishyuza buhoro, ibipimo bidahuye, hamwe nubucuruzi buhororerane.
Ikibazo cyo kwishyuza imikorere ni kimwe mu nzitizi. Kurugero, twaganiriye ku kibazo cyo gukora neza muri Hongqi engqi e-HS9. Imikorere yo hasi yo kwishyurwa kwarenze. Kugeza ubu, imikorere ya Wireless Kwishyuza ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi biri munsi yicyatsi kibijwe kubera igihombo cyingufu mugihe cyo kwanduza umugozi.
Duhereye ku buryo bwihuse, imodoka idafite umugozi ikeneye kurushaho kugabanuka. Umugozi urenze kwishyuza ufite ibisabwa byinshi kubikorwa remezo. Ibigize kwishyuza muri rusange byashyizwe hasi, bizaba birimo guhindura ubutaka nibindi bibazo. Igiciro cyubwubatsi kizahita kirenze igiciro cyibirundo bisanzwe. Byongeye kandi, mu cyiciro cya mbere cyo guteza imbere tekinoroji yo kwishyurwa, urunigi rw'inganda rudakuze, kandi ikiguzi cyibice bifitanye isano kizaba kinini, ndetse inshuro nyinshi igiciro cyimikino yo kwishyuza ibirundo bifite imbaraga zimwe.
Kurugero, ushinzwe Bus ya Bristuss Watbus yasuzumye gukoresha tekinoroji yo kwishyuza mugihe cyo guteza imbere amashanyarazi yamato yarwo. Ariko, nyuma yo kugenzura, byagaragaye ko buri mutanga wubutaka uhanganira ibiro 70.000. Byongeye kandi, ikiguzi cyubwubatsi bwimihanda yo kwishyuza ni hejuru. Kurugero, ikiguzi cyo kubaka umuhanda wa kilometero 1,6 winonde muri Suwede ni hafi miliyoni 12.5 US $.
Nibyo, ibibazo byumutekano birashobora kandi kuba kimwe mubibazo bigabanya tekinoroji yo kwishyuza. Dukurikije ingaruka zayo kumubiri wumuntu, kwishyuza ntabwo ari ikintu kinini. Ibikoresho bya "Amabwiriza by'agateganyo ku micungire ya radiyo yo kwishyuza ibintu bidafite ishingiro (umushinga w'ingufu)" Umushinga w'inganda n'ikoranabuhanga mu makuru n'ibiganiro byihariye byo kwishyurwa. Ubushakashatsi bubibonye bwerekana ko gusa mugihe imbaraga zishyuza zirenga 20kw numubiri wumuntu urimo guhura cyane no gushyuza imishinga, birashobora kugira ingaruka runaka kumubiri. Ariko, ibi kandi bisaba impande zose gukomeza kwiyongera umutekano mbere yuko hamenyekane nabaguzi.
Nubwo Ikoranabuhanga rya Care ridafite akamaro ryuburyo gute ibintu byoroshye ni, haracyari inzira ndende yo kugenda mbere yuko icuruzwa ku rugero runini. Kujya muri laboratoire no kubishyira mubikorwa mubuzima busanzwe, umuhanda ugana kwishyuza imodoka ni ndende kandi atoroshye.
Mugihe impande zose zishakisha cyane tekinoroji yo kwishyuza itwara imodoka, igitekerezo cya "kwishyuza robot" nabyo byagaragaye bucece. Ingingo yububabare igomba gukemurwa ninzego zidafite umugozi zerekana ikibazo cyumukoresha uwishyuza, kizaba cyuzuza igitekerezo cyo gutwara ibinyabiziga mugihe kizaza. Ariko hariho inzira zirenze imwe i Roma.
Kubwibyo, "kwishyuza robos" nabyo byatangiye no kuba inyongera muburyo bwo kwishyuza ibinyabiziga. Vuba aha, atari Beijing Sub-Hagati Hagati yiterambere ryimari yubushakashatsi bwigihugu cyakarere bwatangije robot ya bisi yikora irashobora kwishyuza bisi yamashanyarazi.
Nyuma ya bisi yamashanyarazi yinjiye kwishyuza sitasiyo yishyuza, sisitemu y'Icyerekezo ifata amakuru yimodoka, kandi sisitemu yo kohereza inyuma ako kanya itanga akazi ko kwishyuza kuri robo. Hifashishijwe uburyo bwa gahunda no kugenda, robot ihita itwara kuri sitasiyo yishyuza kandi ihita ifata imbunda yo kwishyuza. , ukoresheje tekinoroji yo mumwanya kugirango umenye aho icyambu cyamashanyarazi kandi kigakora ibikorwa byo kwishyuza byikora.
Birumvikana ko ibigo byimodoka nabyo bitangiye kubona ibyiza bya "kwishyuza robo. Kuri 2023 Shanghai Auto Auto Yerekana, Lotus yarekuye robot ya flash. Iyo ikinyabiziga gikeneye kwishyurwa, robot irashobora kwagura ukuboko kwa imashini kandi ihita yinjizamo imbunda yishyuza mu mwobo wishyuza. Nyuma yo kwishyuza, irashobora kandi gukuramo imbunda wenyine, kurangiza inzira yose kuva gutangiza ikinyabiziga.
Ibinyuranye, kwishyuza robots ntabwo ifite uburyo bworoshye bwo kwishyuza, ariko birashobora kandi gukemura ikibazo ntarengwa cyo kwishyuza. Abakoresha barashobora kandi kwishimira umunezero wo kurengana batavuye mumodoka. Nibyo, imashini zishyuza nazo zirimo ibibazo byiciro kandi byubwenge nko kwirinda no kwirinda kwirinda no kwirinda inzitizi.
Incamake: Ikibazo cyo gusohoza ingufu kubinyabiziga bishya byingufu byahoze ari ikibazo impandero zose munganda zihaha akamaro kanini kuri. Kugeza ubu, igisubizo cyishyurwa hamwe nigisubizo cyo gusimbuza bateri ni ibisubizo bibiri byingenzi. Ubuntu, ibi bisubizo byombi birahagije kugirango byuzuzwe ibyifuzo byabakoresha kurwego runaka. Birumvikana ko ibintu bigenda bitera imbere. Ahari hamwe no kuza mu bihe bitagira uburyarya, kwishyuza-kwishyuza no kwishyuza Imashini zishobora gusigasha amahirwe mashya.
Kohereza Igihe: APR-13-2024