Vuba aha, amashyaka atandukanye mu gihugu ndetse no hanze yaritaye ku bibazo bijyanye n’ubushobozi bw’umusaruro w’inganda nshya z’Ubushinwa. Ni muri urwo rwego, tugomba gutsimbarara ku gufata isoko no kubona isi yose, duhereye ku mategeko y’ubukungu, kandi tukayareba mu buryo no mu mvugo. Mu rwego rwo kuzamura ubukungu bw’isi, urufunguzo rwo gusuzuma niba hari ubushobozi bw’umusaruro urenze mu nzego zijyanye nabyo biterwa n’isoko ry’isi ku isi ndetse n’iterambere ry’ejo hazaza. Ubushinwa bwohereza ibicuruzwa hanzeibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi, bateri ya lithium, ibicuruzwa bifotora, nibindi ntabwo byongereye itangwa ryisi yose kandi bigabanya umuvuduko w’ifaranga ku isi, ahubwo byanagize uruhare runini mu guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere ndetse n’imihindagurikire y’icyatsi na karuboni nkeya. Vuba aha, tuzakomeza gusunika urukurikirane rwibitekerezo dukoresheje iyi nkingi kugirango dufashe impande zose gusobanukirwa neza niterambere ryiterambere ninganda zinganda nshya.
Mu 2023, Ubushinwa bwohereje miliyoni 1.203 z’imodoka nshya z’ingufu, bwiyongereyeho 77.6% ugereranije n’umwaka ushize. Ibihugu byoherezwa mu mahanga bikubiyemo ibihugu birenga 180 byo mu Burayi, Aziya, Oseyaniya, Amerika, Afurika n'utundi turere. Imodoka nshyashya z’abashinwa zikundwa cyane n’abaguzi ku isi kandi ziza ku mwanya wa mbere mu kugurisha amasoko mashya y’imodoka z’ingufu mu bihugu byinshi. Ibi byerekana guhangana n’amahanga mu guhangana n’inganda nshya z’imodoka z’ingufu z’Ubushinwa kandi byerekana neza inyungu zigereranywa n’inganda z’Ubushinwa.
Inyungu mpuzamahanga zo guhatanira inganda nshya z’imodoka z’Ubushinwa zikomoka ku myaka irenga 70 ikora cyane n’iterambere rishya, kandi inyungu ziva mu ruhererekane rw’inganda no gutanga amasoko, inyungu nini ku isoko no guhatanira isoko bihagije.
Kora cyane kubuhanga bwawe bwimbere kandi wunguke imbaraga binyuze mukwirundanya.Iyo usubije amaso inyuma ukareba amateka y’iterambere ry’inganda z’imodoka mu Bushinwa, Uruganda rwa mbere rukora amamodoka rwatangiye kubakwa i Changchun mu 1953. Mu 1956, imodoka ya mbere yakozwe mu Bushinwa mu gihugu yavuye ku murongo w’iteraniro ku ruganda rwa mbere rw’imodoka rwa Changchun. Muri 2009, ibaye iyambere ku isi ikora ibinyabiziga n’ibicuruzwa ku nshuro ya mbere. Muri 2023, umusaruro no kugurisha imodoka bizarenga miliyoni 30. Inganda z’imodoka mu Bushinwa zateye imbere kuva kera, zikura ziva ku nto nini nini, kandi zigenda zitera imbere ubutwari zinyuze hejuru. By'umwihariko mu myaka 10 ishize cyangwa irenga, inganda z’imodoka z’Ubushinwa zakiriye neza amahirwe yo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi no guhindura ubwenge, yihutisha guhindura imodoka nshya z’ingufu, kandi igera ku musaruro ukomeye mu iterambere ry’inganda. Ibisubizo bidasanzwe. Ubushinwa bushya bw’ibinyabiziga bitanga ingufu n’igurisha byashyizwe ku mwanya wa mbere ku isi mu myaka icyenda ikurikiranye. Kurenga kimwe cya kabiri cyimodoka nshya zingufu zisi zitwara mubushinwa. Muri rusange tekinoroji yo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi iri ku rwego rwo hejuru ku isi. Hano haribintu byinshi byagezweho mubuhanga bushya nko kwishyuza bishya, gutwara neza, no kwishyuza amashanyarazi menshi. Ubushinwa Bayoboye isi mugukoresha tekinoroji yigenga yigenga.
Kunoza sisitemu no kunoza ibidukikije.Ubushinwa bwashyizeho uburyo bushya bw’inganda zikoresha ingufu z’ingufu, zirimo gusa ibice byo gutunganya no gutanga ibice by’imodoka gakondo, ahubwo binashyiraho uburyo bwo gutanga bateri, kugenzura ibikoresho bya elegitoronike, sisitemu yo gutwara amashanyarazi, ibicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki na software ku binyabiziga bishya by’ingufu, ndetse nko kwishyuza no gusimburwa. Gushyigikira sisitemu nkamashanyarazi na batiri. Amashanyarazi mashya y’amashanyarazi y’Ubushinwa afite ibice birenga 60% by’isi yose. Amasosiyete atandatu y’amashanyarazi arimo CATL na BYD yinjiye mu icumi ya mbere mu kwishyiriraho ingufu za batiri ku isi; ibikoresho by'ingenzi kuri bateri z'amashanyarazi nka electrode nziza, electrode mbi, itandukanya, na electrolytike Ibicuruzwa byoherejwe ku isi birenga 70%; amashanyarazi n'amashanyarazi agenzura ibikoresho nka Verdi Power ayoboye isi mubunini bw'isoko; ibigo byinshi bya software hamwe nibyuma biteza imbere kandi bigakora chip yo murwego rwohejuru hamwe na sisitemu yo gutwara ubwenge byateye imbere; Ubushinwa bwubatse ibikorwa remezo byo kwishyuza miliyoni zirenga miliyoni 9 Muri Tayiwani hari amasosiyete arenga 14,000 y’amashanyarazi atunganya amashanyarazi, akaza ku mwanya wa mbere ku isi mu bijyanye n’ubunini.
Amarushanwa angana, guhanga udushya.Isoko rishya ry’imodoka z’ingufu mu Bushinwa rifite imbaraga nini n’iterambere ry’iterambere, irushanwa rihagije ku isoko, hamwe n’abaguzi benshi bemera ikoranabuhanga rishya, ritanga isoko ryiza ryo gukomeza kuzamura amashanyarazi mashya y’amashanyarazi n’ikoranabuhanga ry’ubwenge ndetse no kuzamura iterambere ry’ibicuruzwa. Mu 2023, Ubushinwa bushya bwo gutwara no kugurisha ibinyabiziga bitanga ingufu bizaba miliyoni 9.587 na miliyoni 9.495, bikiyongera 35.8% na 37.9%. Igipimo cyo kugurisha kizagera kuri 31,6%, bingana na 60% by’igurisha ku isi; ibinyabiziga bishya bitanga ingufu mu gihugu cyanjye biri ku isoko ryimbere mu gihugu Imodoka zigera kuri miliyoni 8.3 zagurishijwe, zingana na 85%. Ubushinwa nisoko rinini ku isi n’isoko ry’imodoka rifunguye ku isi. Amasosiyete menshi y’imodoka hamwe n’amasosiyete y’imodoka yo mu Bushinwa yo mu karere ahatanira icyiciro kimwe ku isoko ry’Ubushinwa, guhatana neza kandi byuzuye, kandi biteza imbere byihuse kandi neza kuzamura tekinoloji y’ibicuruzwa. Muri icyo gihe, abaguzi b’abashinwa baramenyekana cyane kandi bakeneye amashanyarazi n’ikoranabuhanga ryubwenge. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n’ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe amakuru bwerekana ko 49.5% by’abakoresha ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu bahangayikishijwe cyane n’amashanyarazi nko gutembera, ibiranga bateri ndetse nigihe cyo kwishyuza mugihe uguze imodoka. Imikorere, 90.7% by'abakoresha ibinyabiziga bishya by'ingufu bavuze ko imikorere yubwenge nka interineti yimodoka no gutwara ubwenge ari ibintu bigura imodoka zabo.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jun-18-2024