Ukurikije ibyiza bigereranya kugirango bigirire akamaro abantu kwisi - Isubiramo ryiterambere ryibinyabiziga bishya byingufu mubushinwa (1)

Vuba aha, amashyaka atandukanye murugo kandi mumahanga yitaye kubibazo bijyanye nubushobozi bwuruganda rwinganda zubushinwa. Ni muri urwo rwego, tugomba gutsimbarara ku gufata ibyemezo ku isoko no kubona ku isi, guhera mu mategeko y'ubukungu, no kubireba ku mutima no gutangaza. Mu rwego rwo guhangana n'ubukungu, urufunguzo rwo gucira urubanza niba hari ubushobozi bwo gutanga umusaruro burenze umusaruro biterwa ku isoko rishingiye ku isi n'iterambere ry'ejo hazaza. Ubushinwa ibyoherezwa mu mahangaIbinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi, bateri ya lithium, ibicuruzwa bya Photovoltaic, nibindi ntabwo byangiriye imbaraga zubutaka gusa no kugabanya umuvuduko mwiza. ariko nanone gutanga umusanzu mwiza ku isi n'icyatsi na gito-karubone. Vuba aha, tuzakomeza gusunika ibitekerezo byibitekerezo binyuze muri iyi nkingi kugirango ifashe impande zose kumva neza imiterere yiterambere ninganda nshya yingufu.

Muri 2023, Ubushinwa byoherejwe miliyoni 1.203 zimodoka nshya zingufu, ubwiyongere bwa 77,6% mu mwaka ushize. Astia yoherezwa mu mahanga ikubiyemo ibihugu birenga 180 mu Burayi, Aziya, Ocianiya, Amerika, Afurika no mu bindi turere. Igishinwa cyakira ibinyabiziga bishya byingufu zakundwa cyane nabaguzi kwisi yose no ku rwego rwo kugurisha amasoko mashya yimodoka mu bihugu byinshi mu bihugu byinshi. Ibi birerekana ko urushanwa mpuzamahanga urunuka inganda z'imodoka z'Ubushinwa kandi tugaragaza neza ibyiza bigereranya inganda z'Ubushinwa.

Inyungu mpuzamahanga yo guhatanira Inganda zikoresha Inganda zubushinwa zikomoka kumyaka irenga 70 zakazi kandi ziterambere ryunguka, ninyungu zuruniro rwuzuye rwinganda hamwe nisoko ryisoko rihagije.

Kora cyane kubuhanga bwawe bwimbere no kubona imbaraga binyuze mu kwirunda.Dushubije amaso inyuma mu mateka y'iterambere ry'inganda z'Abashinwa, Uruganda rwa mbere rw'imodoka rwatangiye kubaka muri chatchun mu 1953. Mu 1956, imodoka yakozwe mu mibonano mpuzabitsina mu gihugu cy'Ubushinwa yazindutse umurongo ku gihingwa cya mbere cy'imodoka. Muri 2009, byabaye ku isi nini ku isi kandi ugurisha bwa mbere. Muri 2023, umusaruro wimodoka no kugurisha uzarenza ibice miliyoni 30. Inganda z'imodoka z'Ubushinwa zakuze ziva mu gishushanyo, gikura kuva gito kugeza kinini, kandi cyateye imbere ubutwari binyuze mu bigo byinshi. Cyane cyane mu myaka 10 ishize cyangwa rero, inganda z'imodoka z'Ubushinwa zakiriye neza amahirwe yo gukwirakwiza no guhindura ubwenge, yihutishije impinduka zimodoka nshya zingufu, kandi igera ku bisubizo bitangaje mu iterambere ry'inganda. Ibisubizo bidasanzwe. Umusaruro w'imodoka mu Bushinwa no kugurisha washyizeho mbere mu isi imyaka icyenda ikurikiranye. Kurenga kimwe cya kabiri cyimodoka nshya yingufu zisi zitwara mubushinwa. Ikoranabuhanga muri rusange riri kurwego rukomeye rwisi. Hariho urugendo rwinshi mu ikoranabuhanga rishya nko kwishyuza, gutwara neza, no kwishyuza cyane. Ubushinwa buyoboye isi mugusaba ikoranabuhanga ryo gutwara ibintu byigenga.

Kunoza Sisitemu no Kunoza Ibidukikije.Ubushinwa bwakoze gahunda yuzuye yimodoka, harimo ibice byo gukora ibice hamwe no gutanga ibinyabiziga gakondo, ariko nuburyo bwo gutanga ibikoresho, uburyo bwa elegitoronike, ibicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki, nibikoresho byingufu na software no gusimbuza. Gushyigikira sisitemu nkamashanyarazi na bateri. Konti nshya yubushinwa ibangamira konti zirenga 60% byisi yose. Amasosiyete atandatu ya bateri ya bateri arimo Catl na Byd binjiye icumi yambere mumashanyarazi yisi yose; Ibikoresho by'ingenzi kuri bateri yingufu nka electrode nziza, electrode mbi, gutandukana, na electrolytes konte yo kohereza 40%; Amashanyarazi n'amasosiyete agenga ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki nk'imbaraga za Verdi kuyobora isi mu bunini bw'isoko; Umubare wa software hamwe nibigo byimyanya bitera imbere kandi bigakora impyisi yanyuma na sisitemu yo gutwara abantu. Ubushinwa bwubatse ibikorwa remezo birenga miliyoni 9 bishyuza habaho amashanyarazi arenga 14.000 mwisi mubijyanye nigipimo.

Amarushanwa angana, guhanga udushya no guhaga.Isoko ry'imodoka nshya ry'Ubushinwa rifite imbaraga nini kandi ziterambere zishobora, amarushanwa ahagije yo kwakira igenamigambi rishya ry'ibicuruzwa by'ubukorikori n'ikoranabuhanga ndetse no gukomeza guhangana n'ibicuruzwa. Muri 2023, umusaruro w'imodoka mu Bushinwa uzaba miliyoni 3587 na 9.495 miliyoni 9.95, kwiyongera kwa 35,8% na 37.9%. Igipimo cyo kugurisha kizagera ku ya 31,6%, kibazwa ibirenze 60% byo kugurisha ku isi; Ibinyabiziga bishya byingufu bikozwe mugihugu cyanjye biri mumasoko yimbere mu gihugu ibinyabiziga miliyoni 8.3 byagurishijwe, ibarura rirenga 85%. Ubushinwa nisoko rinini ryimodoka kwisi hamwe nisoko ryimodoka zifunguye kwisi. Ibigo mpuzamahanga byimodoka hamwe nisosiyete yimodoka zaho Abashinwa bahatanira ku isoko rimwe ku isoko ry'Ubushinwa, irushanwa kandi byuzuye, kandi itezimbere kuzamura ibikorwa byihuse kandi neza byikoranabuhanga ryibicuruzwa. Muri icyo gihe, abaguzi b'Abashinwa bafite ishingiro ryo kumenyekana cyane kandi basaba ko hahirwa n'ubuhanga. Amakuru yubushakashatsi avuye mu kigo cyigihugu cyerekana ko 49.5% byabaguzi bashya ibinyabiziga ukomoka ku moko nk'urugendo, hararanga na bateri hamwe nigihe cyo kwishyuza mugihe ugura imodoka. Imikorere, 90,7% by'abaguzi b'ibinyabiziga bishya by'ibinyabiziga bavuze ko imikorere yubwenge nka interineti y'ibinyabiziga no gutwara ubwenge ni ibintu mumodoka yabo.