Mu gusubiza ikibazo cy’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi kirega ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi by’Ubushinwa no kurushaho kunoza ubufatanye mu Bushinwa-EUibinyabiziga by'amashanyaraziinganda, Minisitiri w’ubucuruzi w’Ubushinwa Wang Wentao
yakiriye amahugurwa i Buruseli mu Bubiligi. Ibirori byahuje abafatanyabikorwa b’ibanze baturutse mu turere twombi kugira ngo baganire ku bihe bizaza by’inganda zikoresha amashanyarazi, bashimangira akamaro k’ubufatanye n’iterambere ry’iterambere. Wang Wentao yashimangiye ko ubufatanye ari ngombwa mu iterambere ry’inganda z’imodoka z’Ubushinwa n’Uburayi. Inganda z’imodoka z’Ubushinwa n’Uburayi zimaze imyaka irenga 40, hamwe n’ibisubizo byimbitse no kwishyira hamwe kwimbitse.
Amahugurwa yagaragaje ubufatanye burambye hagati y’Ubushinwa n’Uburayi mu rwego rw’imodoka, byateye imbere mu mibanire myiza kandi isanzwe. Amasosiyete yo mu Burayi aratera imbere ku isoko ry’Ubushinwa, bigatuma iterambere ry’inganda z’imodoka mu Bushinwa. Muri icyo gihe, Ubushinwa butanga amasosiyete yo mu Burayi isoko ryuguruye hamwe n’ikibuga cyo gukiniraho. Ubu bufatanye nifatizo ryiterambere ryinganda. Ikintu cyingenzi kiranga ubufatanye, uburambe bwagaciro ni irushanwa, kandi urufatiro rwibanze ni ibidukikije byiza. Trams igomba kumenyekana kwisi yose.
1.Ibidukikije biramba byimodoka zamashanyarazi.
Ibinyabiziga bitanga amashanyarazi ntibisohora imyuka ihumanya kandi birashobora kugabanya cyane ihumana ry’ikirere no kurwanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere. Ibi ni ingenzi cyane kuko Ubushinwa n'Uburayi bikora kugirango bigabanye ibirenge bya karubone. Ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi birashobora kandi gukoresha ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu nkizuba n’umuyaga, bikagabanya cyane ibyuka bihumanya ikirere. Ibi bihujwe nimbaraga zisi zose zo guhindura ingufu zisukuye no gushyiraho ejo hazaza heza.
2.Ibinyabiziga bikora neza
Bitandukanye na moteri yaka imbere, isanzwe idakora neza, moteri yamashanyarazi igabanya gukoresha ingufu kandi ikongerera ingufu ingufu. Ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi birashobora gufata no guhindura ingufu za kinetic mugihe cyo gufata feri, kwagura urwego rwo gutwara no kuzamura imikorere muri rusange. Iyi nyungu yikoranabuhanga ntabwo ituma ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi biramba gusa ahubwo binakoreshwa muburyo bwa buri munsi, bityo bikazamura abakiriya babo muri utwo turere twombi.
Inyungu zubukungu bwibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi nazo zibanze ku mahugurwa.
Ibiciro bya lisansi kubinyabiziga byamashanyarazi mubisanzwe biri munsi yimodoka gakondo kuko amashanyarazi ahendutse kuruta lisansi cyangwa mazutu. Byongeye kandi, ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi bifite ibice bike bigenda kuruta moteri yimoteri yimbere, bivuze ko ibisabwa byo kubungabunga hamwe nigiciro kigabanuka mugihe. Izi nyungu zubukungu zituma ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi bihinduka kubakoresha kandi bigira uruhare mukuzamuka kwinganda muri rusange.
3.Ubunararibonye bwo gutwara ibinyabiziga butangwa nibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi.
Moteri yamashanyarazi itanga urumuri rwihuse, rutanga umuvuduko mwinshi no kugenda neza. Byongeye kandi, ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi bigenda bucece ugereranije nibinyabiziga bitwika imbere, bigatera ahantu hatuje hatuje. Ibi biranga ntabwo bitezimbere uburambe bwo gutwara gusa ahubwo binagira uruhare mukuzamuka kwamamare yimodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi mubaguzi.
Iterambere ryibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi mubushinwa biratangaje, kandi tumaze kugera kubintu byingenzi mumyaka irenga icumi. Ubushinwa bwabaye isoko ry’imodoka nini ku isi, aho kugurisha bisi z’amashanyarazi bingana na 45% by’isi yose, kandi kugurisha bisi n’amamodoka birenga 90% by’isi yose. Ubushinwa buza ku isonga mu ikoranabuhanga rya batiri y’amashanyarazi n’uruhare rugaragara mu bucuruzi bw’ingendo z’amashanyarazi mu bucuruzi byatumye iba umuyobozi mu nganda z’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi ku isi.
Iterambere ry’inganda zikoresha amashanyarazi mu Bushinwa rishobora kugabanywamo ibice bitatu byamateka. Icyiciro cya mbere ni kuva mu myaka ya za 1960 kugeza 2001, aricyo gihe cyo gusama tekinoloji yimodoka yamashanyarazi hamwe nubushakashatsi bwambere niterambere ryikoranabuhanga ryimodoka. Icyiciro cya kabiri cyateye imbere byihuse mumyaka icumi ishize, giterwa inkunga niterambere, gahunda kandi itunganijwe ya R&D yigihugu "863 Gahunda". Muri kiriya gihe, guverinoma y'Ubushinwa yatangije imishinga mishya y’icyitegererezo cy’imodoka mu mijyi myinshi yo mu gihugu, iteza imbere iterambere ry’inganda z’amashanyarazi binyuze mu ishoramari R&D n’inkunga itaziguye.
Icyiciro cya gatatu kirangwa niterambere ryihuse ryinganda zamashanyarazi zigihugu cyanjye mumyaka yashize. Kugeza ubu mu Bushinwa hari amasosiyete agera kuri 200 y’amashanyarazi, 150 muri yo yashinzwe mu myaka itatu ishize. Ubwiyongere bw'umubare w'amasosiyete bwatumye irushanwa rikomera ndetse no guhanga udushya, havuka amasosiyete azwi cyane y’ikoranabuhanga hamwe n’ibirango rusange nka BYD, Lantu Automobile, na Hongqi Automobile. Ibirango byamenyekanye cyane mu gihugu no hanze yacyo, byerekana imbaraga n’ubushobozi bw’inganda zikoresha amashanyarazi mu Bushinwa.
Hanyuma, amahugurwa y’inganda z’amashanyarazi mu Bushinwa-EU yabereye i Buruseli yashimangiye akamaro ko gukomeza ubufatanye n’iterambere rusange mu bijyanye n’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi. Ikiganiro cyagaragaje ibidukikije birambye, imikorere myiza, inyungu zubukungu hamwe nuburambe bwo gutwara ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi. Iterambere rikomeye ry’inganda zikoresha amashanyarazi mu Bushinwa, zatewe inkunga na guverinoma no guhanga udushya, byerekana ubushobozi bw’isoko ry’imashanyarazi. Mu gihe Ubushinwa n’Uburayi bikomeje gufatanya no gukemura ibibazo nk’ibibazo by’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, ejo hazaza h’inganda z’imashanyarazi hasa naho hari icyizere kandi uturere twombi tuzungukira kuri ubwo bufatanye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-23-2024